This research project explores the meanings of young people’s lived experiences towards sustained political participation within European democratic institutions. Youth political participation is a complex and inherently debated concept (Weiss, 2020; Huntington & Nelson, 1976). Although central to international and European policies (Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2009; Council of Europe, 2020; European Commission, 2021; European Union, 2018), several studies highlight a marked reduction in institutional participation among young people in European democracies, a phenomenon that raises concerns about youth disengagement, causing them to lack representation and power in political decision-making (Norris, 2003; Farthing, 2010). However, it is essential to acknowledge that numerous young people are increasingly turning to alternative forms of engagement outside formal political structures (Barnes & Kaase, 1979; Crowley & Moxon, 2017; Theocharis & van Deth, 2017). Research indicates that findings are often conflicting due to factors such as contexts, periods of analysis, and the characteristics of the youth samples examined. This underscores the inadequacy of a unidimensional view of political participation (Milbrath, 1977) and highlights the urgency of adopting a multidimensional approach that incorporates young people's lived experiences (Deželan & Moxon, 2021). Youth political participation, as a nuanced concept with multiple interpretations, also presents significant challenges for education (Bertolini, 2003; Dewey, 1916; Freire, 1968). Democratic education has sparked extensive debate, with education traditionally framed as a means to shape democratic citizens through predefined skills and knowledge (Biesta, 2007). This instrumentalist perspective, however, is criticised for its narrow focus on the individual, overlooking the collective and pluralistic dimensions of democratic life. Rather than following a predetermined path, democratic subjectivity should emerge through ongoing, participatory engagement that embraces plurality and societal interaction (Biesta, 2006). Within this framework, the research is anchored in a qualitative approach built on the basis of the phenomenological-hermeneutic method (Mortari, 2016; Van Manen, 1990, 2016). Data was collected through semi-structured online interviews with 26 young members of representative European youth organisations, in particular the Advisory Council on Youth of the Council of Europe and the European Youth Forum. The study follows the guidelines suggested by the ethical code of the Italian Society of Pedagogy (SIPED, 2020) and by the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2001). The data analysis, conducted through a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach (van Manen, 2016; Mortari, 2016) and supported by thematic analysis to identify central themes within young people’s narratives (Braun & Clarke, 2021), revealed three key dimensions of youth experiences: motivations, environments, and realisations. These dimensions contribute to highlighting youth political participation as an existential, relational, and educational pathway, with an inherently democratic purpose. Rather than viewing youth engagement as a fixed path, this study advocates for understanding it through flexible, reflective frameworks that value diverse democratic expressions. The research project emphasises the need for educational and policy approaches that support young people in reshaping democratic boundaries (Biesta, 2023) through meaningful, context-sensitive engagement, providing crucial insights for rethinking the phenomenon and its foundational educational practices.

Il presente progetto di ricerca esplora i significati delle esperienze vissute dai giovani nei loro percorsi di partecipazione politica all'interno delle istituzioni democratiche europee. La partecipazione politica giovanile è un tema di rilevante importanza nelle politiche internazionali ed europee e si presenta come un concetto complesso e intrinsecamente controverso (Weiss, 2020; Huntington & Nelson, 1976). Infatti, diversi studi segnalano una significativa riduzione della partecipazione istituzionale dei giovani nelle democrazie europee, un fenomeno che solleva preoccupazioni riguardo al disimpegno giovanile e comporta una minore rappresentanza e potere decisionale per questa fascia della popolazione (Norris, 2003; Farthing, 2010).Tuttavia, è importante notare che molti giovani si orientano verso forme di impegno alternative, al di fuori delle strutture politiche tradizionali (Crowley & Moxon, 2017; Theocharis & van Deth, 2017). Le ricerche indicano che i risultati sono spesso contrastanti a causa di fattori quali i contesti, i periodi di analisi e le caratteristiche dei campioni di giovani esaminati. Questo evidenzia l’inadeguatezza della visione unidimensionale della partecipazione politica (Milbrath, 1977) e sottolinea l’urgenza di adottare un approccio multidimensionale che integri le esperienze dirette dei giovani per costruire una nuova definizione di partecipazione politica (Deželan & Moxon, 2021). Il legame tra educazione, politica e partecipazione è alla base delle tradizioni pedagogiche (Bertolini, 2003). L’educazione democratica è stata oggetto di ampi dibattiti ed è tradizionalmente intesa come uno strumento per formare cittadini democratici, trasmettendo loro competenze e conoscenze predefinite. Questa visione strumentale, tuttavia, è stata criticata per la sua attenzione limitata sull’individuo, che tende a trascurare le dimensioni collettive e pluralistiche della vita democratica. Al contrario, la soggettività democratica dovrebbe emergere attraverso un impegno partecipativo continuo, che abbracci la pluralità e l'interazione sociale (Biesta, 2006, 2007). All’interno di questo quadro, la ricerca adotta un approccio qualitativo basato sul metodo fenomenologico-ermeneutico (Mortari, 2016; Van Manen, 1990, 2016). I dati sono stati raccolti tramite interviste semi-strutturate online con 26 giovani membri di organizzazioni giovanili europee, in particolare l'Advisory Council on Youth del Consiglio d’Europa e l’European Youth Forum. Il progetto di ricerca segue le linee guida suggerite dal codice etico della Società Italiana di Pedagogia (SIPED, 2020) e dalla Dichiarazione di Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2001). L'analisi dei dati, condotta attraverso un approccio fenomenologico-ermeneutico (van Manen, 2016; Mortari, 2016) e supportata dall'analisi tematica per identificare i temi centrali nelle narrazioni dei giovani (Braun & Clarke, 2021), ha fatto emergere tre dimensioni chiave delle esperienze giovanili: motivazioni, luoghi e consapevolezze. Queste dimensioni evidenziano la partecipazione politica giovanile come un percorso esistenziale, relazionale ed educativo, con uno scopo fondamentalmente democratico. Invece di considerare l'impegno giovanile come un percorso rigido e prestabilito, questo progetto di ricerca mira a promuoverne la comprensione attraverso cornici flessibili e riflessive, valorizzando le diverse forme di espressione democratica. Lo studio evidenzia inoltre la necessità di approcci educativi e politici che sostengano i giovani nella ridefinizione dei confini democratici (Biesta, 2023), promuovendo un impegno autentico e radicato nei contesti, e offrendo spunti preziosi per ripensare il fenomeno e le sue pratiche educative.

(2025). Youth political participation pathways: young people’s lived experiences in European democracies. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).

Youth political participation pathways: young people’s lived experiences in European democracies

BIANCHI, DANIELA
2025

Abstract

This research project explores the meanings of young people’s lived experiences towards sustained political participation within European democratic institutions. Youth political participation is a complex and inherently debated concept (Weiss, 2020; Huntington & Nelson, 1976). Although central to international and European policies (Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2009; Council of Europe, 2020; European Commission, 2021; European Union, 2018), several studies highlight a marked reduction in institutional participation among young people in European democracies, a phenomenon that raises concerns about youth disengagement, causing them to lack representation and power in political decision-making (Norris, 2003; Farthing, 2010). However, it is essential to acknowledge that numerous young people are increasingly turning to alternative forms of engagement outside formal political structures (Barnes & Kaase, 1979; Crowley & Moxon, 2017; Theocharis & van Deth, 2017). Research indicates that findings are often conflicting due to factors such as contexts, periods of analysis, and the characteristics of the youth samples examined. This underscores the inadequacy of a unidimensional view of political participation (Milbrath, 1977) and highlights the urgency of adopting a multidimensional approach that incorporates young people's lived experiences (Deželan & Moxon, 2021). Youth political participation, as a nuanced concept with multiple interpretations, also presents significant challenges for education (Bertolini, 2003; Dewey, 1916; Freire, 1968). Democratic education has sparked extensive debate, with education traditionally framed as a means to shape democratic citizens through predefined skills and knowledge (Biesta, 2007). This instrumentalist perspective, however, is criticised for its narrow focus on the individual, overlooking the collective and pluralistic dimensions of democratic life. Rather than following a predetermined path, democratic subjectivity should emerge through ongoing, participatory engagement that embraces plurality and societal interaction (Biesta, 2006). Within this framework, the research is anchored in a qualitative approach built on the basis of the phenomenological-hermeneutic method (Mortari, 2016; Van Manen, 1990, 2016). Data was collected through semi-structured online interviews with 26 young members of representative European youth organisations, in particular the Advisory Council on Youth of the Council of Europe and the European Youth Forum. The study follows the guidelines suggested by the ethical code of the Italian Society of Pedagogy (SIPED, 2020) and by the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2001). The data analysis, conducted through a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach (van Manen, 2016; Mortari, 2016) and supported by thematic analysis to identify central themes within young people’s narratives (Braun & Clarke, 2021), revealed three key dimensions of youth experiences: motivations, environments, and realisations. These dimensions contribute to highlighting youth political participation as an existential, relational, and educational pathway, with an inherently democratic purpose. Rather than viewing youth engagement as a fixed path, this study advocates for understanding it through flexible, reflective frameworks that value diverse democratic expressions. The research project emphasises the need for educational and policy approaches that support young people in reshaping democratic boundaries (Biesta, 2023) through meaningful, context-sensitive engagement, providing crucial insights for rethinking the phenomenon and its foundational educational practices.
BIFFI, ELISABETTA
partecipazione; democrazia; educazione; fenomenologia; esperienza vissuta
participation; democracy; education; phenomenology; pathways
M-PED/01 - PEDAGOGIA GENERALE E SOCIALE
English
4-feb-2025
37
2023/2024
embargoed_20280204
(2025). Youth political participation pathways: young people’s lived experiences in European democracies. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/539341
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