Synthesis methods of nanostructures

Increased environmental pollution is contaminating the planet. Removal of pollutants is accomplished by methods such as hydrothermal synthesis, solvothermal synthesis, microemulsion, the sol-gel method, coprecipitation, microwave synthesis, physical vapor deposition, and chemical vapor deposition. In addition, these methods are used to prepare different materials (metal, metal oxides, semiconductor oxides, nanoparticles, thin films, etc.) that possess different physical and chemical properties. Different methods, depending on their advantages and disadvantages, are available to engineer materials with specific properties, which are then used to remove environmental pollution and other hazards. This chapter describes and discusses these methods.