This research is in line with the World Health Organization's recommendation to consider health as a complex bio-psycho-social functioning of the individual, which can be described both through an individual's specific activities and the degree of his/her participation in daily experiences. From these premises, the scientific community has recently elaborated the multi-componential construct of Communicative Participation, which refers to an individual's ability to take part in everyday life situations, specifically with communicative-linguistic skills. Previous research mainly investigated this construct in children with heterogeneous communicative-linguistic disorders. Because of the lack of existing evidence, it is still relevant to further investigate it, on the one hand, in children with atypical language development, to examine whether linguistic difficulties are associated with impaired Communicative Participation and, on the other hand, also in children with typical language development, to interpret any differences between the two populations. This manuscript includes a review of the scientific literature and three empirical studies. The first study investigates Communicative Participation and its underlying components in typical language development; it investigates this competence's developmental trajectory and verifies the influence of specific individual factors, such as gender and quality of speech, on it. Since the quality of speech plays a role in the degree of Communicative Participation in preschool age, the second study examines whether children with speech/language disorders differ from peers in this capacity, and it explores the role of articulatory skill. Results show that children with speech/language disorder are significantly different from peers in Communicative Participation. Thus, the third study investigates associations between Communicative Participation, linguistic skills, social-emotional-behavioural skills, and temperament in typical and atypical language development. Overall, the research work shows that Communicative Participation improves with age in the preschool, it seems to be slightly influenced by gender, and it is, in any case, associated with the quality of the child's speech. Speech is also relevant because children with atypical language development have significant limitations in Communicative Participation and its underlying components. Moreover, Communicative Participation is not directly related to social-emotional-behavioural skills. However, uniquely in children with atypical language development, there is an association between language use difficulties and internalizing behavioural problems. Instead, some functional components of Communicative Participation are positively associated with some temperamental dimensions, such as extraversion, sociability, and positive emotions. These traits are positively associated with the child's functional use of expressive language; on the contrary, there is a negative association between behavioural inhibition and Communicative Participation. In conclusion, the paper highlights the possible clinical implications of the results and emphasizes that it is relevant to apply the new construct of Communicative Participation in clinical practice and use valid tools to measure it. This innovation can support many needs connected to the clinical practice with children with speech/language disorders, such as deepening the first functional assessment, choosing an intervention, and selecting outcome measures.
Il presente lavoro considera la salute, in accordo con quanto proposto dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, nei termini di un complesso funzionamento bio-psico-sociale dell’individuo, che può essere descritto sia in riferimento alle possibilità di eseguire attività, sia in relazione al grado di partecipazione conseguito nelle situazioni di vita. Nella comunità scientifica è stato, inoltre, introdotto il costrutto multi-componenziale di Partecipazione Comunicativa (PC), riferito alla possibilità di un individuo di prendere parte alle situazioni quotidiane attraverso le competenze comunicativo-linguistiche. Tale costrutto è stato, prevalentemente, indagato in popolazioni pediatriche con disturbi eterogenei dello sviluppo e, pertanto, tenendo conto della scarsità dei dati disponibili, appare rilevante esaminarlo, da un lato, nei bambini con sviluppo linguistico atipico, per verificare se la presenza di difficoltà linguistiche sia associ ad una Partecipazione Comunicativa compromessa e, dall’altro, anche nei bambini con sviluppo linguistico tipico, per facilitare l’interpretazione di eventuali dissimilarità tra le due popolazioni. Nel presente elaborato viene presentata una rassegna della letteratura scientifica e, successivamente, sono riportati alcuni studi empirici realizzati per rispondere alle suddette necessità. Il primo studio indaga la PC e le componenti ad essa sottese nello sviluppo linguistico tipico, investigandone la traiettoria evolutiva e verificando l’influenza di specifici fattori individuali, quali il genere e la qualità dell’eloquio. A partire dal ruolo che quest’ultimo fattore ricopre nel grado di PC in età prescolare, il secondo studio intende verificare se i bambini caratterizzati da un eloquio compromesso presentino, rispetto ai pari, delle differenze significative in tale capacità, approfondendo il peso assunto dalla competenza articolatoria. A seguito delle evidenze riscontrate circa le differenze tra le due popolazioni osservate, nel terzo studio si approfondisce la qualità delle associazioni intercorrenti tra la PC, le competenze linguistiche formali, quelle di natura socio-emotivo-comportamentale e il temperamento, nello sviluppo linguistico tipico e in quello atipico. Nel complesso, emerge che, nel periodo prescolare, la PC presenta una traiettoria incrementale, lievemente influenzata dal genere, che risulta, in ogni caso, associata alla qualità dell’eloquio. La rilevanza dell’eloquio è confermata anche considerando i bambini con sviluppo linguistico atipico, nei quali si osservano importanti limitazioni nella PC e nelle componenti ad essa sottese. Viene altresì rilevato che la PC non è direttamente relata a competenze di natura socio-emotivo-comportamentale nonostante, nei bambini con sviluppo linguistico atipico, le difficoltà nell’utilizzo funzionale del linguaggio siano associate alla manifestazione di comportamenti disadattativi di tipo internalizzante. Alcune delle componenti funzionali della PC risultano, invece, chiaramente associate, in maniera positiva, a specifiche dimensioni temperamentali, ovvero all’estroversione, alla socievolezza e alla manifestazione di emozioni positive, contrariamente a quanto osservato nel caso in cui il bambino stesso manifesti alti livelli di inibizione comportamentale. Nelle conclusioni dell’elaborato si evidenziano le possibili ricadute applicative dei risultati ottenuti, sottolineando come l’introduzione, nella pratica clinica, di questo costrutto, nonché di validi strumenti attraverso cui misurarlo, risponda ad attuali esigenze sanitarie riferite alla fase diagnostico-valutativa, alla scelta di strategie e procedure di intervento e alle modalità di verifica dell’efficacia degli interventi stessi, indirizzati ai bambini con sviluppo linguistico atipico.
(2021). La Partecipazione Comunicativa in età prescolare nello sviluppo linguistico tipico e atipico. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).
La Partecipazione Comunicativa in età prescolare nello sviluppo linguistico tipico e atipico
PIAZZALUNGA, SILVIA
2021
Abstract
This research is in line with the World Health Organization's recommendation to consider health as a complex bio-psycho-social functioning of the individual, which can be described both through an individual's specific activities and the degree of his/her participation in daily experiences. From these premises, the scientific community has recently elaborated the multi-componential construct of Communicative Participation, which refers to an individual's ability to take part in everyday life situations, specifically with communicative-linguistic skills. Previous research mainly investigated this construct in children with heterogeneous communicative-linguistic disorders. Because of the lack of existing evidence, it is still relevant to further investigate it, on the one hand, in children with atypical language development, to examine whether linguistic difficulties are associated with impaired Communicative Participation and, on the other hand, also in children with typical language development, to interpret any differences between the two populations. This manuscript includes a review of the scientific literature and three empirical studies. The first study investigates Communicative Participation and its underlying components in typical language development; it investigates this competence's developmental trajectory and verifies the influence of specific individual factors, such as gender and quality of speech, on it. Since the quality of speech plays a role in the degree of Communicative Participation in preschool age, the second study examines whether children with speech/language disorders differ from peers in this capacity, and it explores the role of articulatory skill. Results show that children with speech/language disorder are significantly different from peers in Communicative Participation. Thus, the third study investigates associations between Communicative Participation, linguistic skills, social-emotional-behavioural skills, and temperament in typical and atypical language development. Overall, the research work shows that Communicative Participation improves with age in the preschool, it seems to be slightly influenced by gender, and it is, in any case, associated with the quality of the child's speech. Speech is also relevant because children with atypical language development have significant limitations in Communicative Participation and its underlying components. Moreover, Communicative Participation is not directly related to social-emotional-behavioural skills. However, uniquely in children with atypical language development, there is an association between language use difficulties and internalizing behavioural problems. Instead, some functional components of Communicative Participation are positively associated with some temperamental dimensions, such as extraversion, sociability, and positive emotions. These traits are positively associated with the child's functional use of expressive language; on the contrary, there is a negative association between behavioural inhibition and Communicative Participation. In conclusion, the paper highlights the possible clinical implications of the results and emphasizes that it is relevant to apply the new construct of Communicative Participation in clinical practice and use valid tools to measure it. This innovation can support many needs connected to the clinical practice with children with speech/language disorders, such as deepening the first functional assessment, choosing an intervention, and selecting outcome measures.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Tesi di Piazzalunga Silvia - 835472
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Doctoral thesis
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