Early childhood is a crucial period for the development of emotion understanding (e.g. emotion recognition and emotion situation knowledge), theory of mind (e.g. diverse-desire and diverse-belief understanding), and language abilities. These competences are believed to influence prosocial behavior, which includes helping, sharing, and comforting. Nonetheless, a few studies have focused on the relationship among these competences in 2- and 3-year-olds. Furthermore, some associations have been neglected, for instance prosocial behavior in relation to diverse-desire understanding, true-belief, and receptive language. Then, most studies on prosocial behavior have used parent-reports, whereas observations in naturalistic contexts have been rarely carried out. Hence, the aim of the current study was to deepen the relationship among these skills, controlling also for age and gender, and to examine whether emotion understanding, theory of mind, and receptive language determined prosocial behaviors. Participants were 149 Italian children aged 24-47 months of age (M = 35.63 months; SD = 6.77), recruited through some day-care centers and kindergartens located in Northern Italy. A multi-method approach was used, so each child was directly administered some measures of emotion comprehension, theory of mind, and receptive vocabulary, and observed twenty minutes at school in an unstructured context of free play with peers to detect the frequency of helping, sharing, and comforting. Results showed some significant links among emotion understanding, theory of mind, and receptive language. Helping behaviors significantly correlated with emotion situation knowledge and receptive language, even when age and gender were controlled. Together, emotion situation knowledge, receptive language, and their interactive effects as well as those with the diverse-desire understanding, controlling for age and gender, were valuable determinants of helping. Exploratory mediation analyses revealed that receptive language might be a significant mediator in the relation between emotion situation knowledge and helping behaviors. The implications of findings are discussed.
La prima infanzia è un periodo cruciale per lo sviluppo della comprensione delle emozioni (riconoscimento delle espressioni facciali e conoscenza delle situazioni emotive), della teoria della mente (es. comprensione di desideri e credenze altrui) e del linguaggio recettivo. Si pensa che queste competenze influiscano sul comportamento prosociale, che include azioni di aiuto, condivisione e consolazione. Tuttavia, ad oggi pochi studi si sono focalizzati sulle relazioni esistenti tra queste abilità nei bambini di 2 e 3 anni. Inoltre, alcuni aspetti non sono stati indagati, ad esempio il comportamento prosociale in rapporto alla comprensione di desideri e credenze altrui, o al linguaggio recettivo. In aggiunta, la maggior parte degli studi ha utilizzato questionari compilati dai genitori per ottenere informazioni sul comportamento prosociale dei bambini, mentre osservazioni in contesti naturalistici sono state raramente effettuate. Lo scopo di questo studio è di approfondire la relazione tra queste abilità, controllando gli effetti di età e genere, e di esaminare se comprensione delle emozioni, teoria della mente e linguaggio recettivo influiscono sui comportamenti prosociali. Sono stati coinvolti 149 bambini italiani di età compresa tra i 24 e i 47 mesi (M = 35.63 mesi; DS = 6.77) che frequentavano alcuni asili nido e scuole dell'infanzia del Nord Italia. É stato utilizzato un approccio multimetodo, caratterizzato dalla presentazione di test individuali su comprensione delle emozioni, teoria della mente e linguaggio recettivo, e osservazioni di ciascun bambino nel contesto scolastico durante momenti non strutturati di gioco libero con i pari per individuare la frequenza di comportamenti di aiuto, condivisione e consolazione. I risultati hanno mostrato correlazioni significative tra comprensione delle emozioni, teoria della mente, e linguaggio recettivo. I comportamenti di aiuto correlavano in modo significativo con conoscenza delle situazioni emotive e linguaggio recettivo, anche tenendo sotto controllo gli effetti di età e genere. È emerso che la conoscenza delle situazioni emotive e il linguaggio recettivo, insieme ai loro effetti interattivi e quelli con la comprensione dei desideri altrui, erano validi determinanti dei comportamenti di aiuto. Le analisi esplorative di mediazione hanno rivelato che il linguaggio recettivo potrebbe essere un mediatore significativo nella relazione tra conoscenza delle situazioni emotive e comportamenti di aiuto. Le implicazioni di questi risultati sono discusse.
(2017). The role of social cognition in children's prosocial behaviors: A multi-method study with a sample of 2-3 year-olds. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017).
The role of social cognition in children's prosocial behaviors: A multi-method study with a sample of 2-3 year-olds
CONTE, ELISABETTA
2017
Abstract
Early childhood is a crucial period for the development of emotion understanding (e.g. emotion recognition and emotion situation knowledge), theory of mind (e.g. diverse-desire and diverse-belief understanding), and language abilities. These competences are believed to influence prosocial behavior, which includes helping, sharing, and comforting. Nonetheless, a few studies have focused on the relationship among these competences in 2- and 3-year-olds. Furthermore, some associations have been neglected, for instance prosocial behavior in relation to diverse-desire understanding, true-belief, and receptive language. Then, most studies on prosocial behavior have used parent-reports, whereas observations in naturalistic contexts have been rarely carried out. Hence, the aim of the current study was to deepen the relationship among these skills, controlling also for age and gender, and to examine whether emotion understanding, theory of mind, and receptive language determined prosocial behaviors. Participants were 149 Italian children aged 24-47 months of age (M = 35.63 months; SD = 6.77), recruited through some day-care centers and kindergartens located in Northern Italy. A multi-method approach was used, so each child was directly administered some measures of emotion comprehension, theory of mind, and receptive vocabulary, and observed twenty minutes at school in an unstructured context of free play with peers to detect the frequency of helping, sharing, and comforting. Results showed some significant links among emotion understanding, theory of mind, and receptive language. Helping behaviors significantly correlated with emotion situation knowledge and receptive language, even when age and gender were controlled. Together, emotion situation knowledge, receptive language, and their interactive effects as well as those with the diverse-desire understanding, controlling for age and gender, were valuable determinants of helping. Exploratory mediation analyses revealed that receptive language might be a significant mediator in the relation between emotion situation knowledge and helping behaviors. The implications of findings are discussed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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