The OECD (2005) suggests that improving the quality of the teaching staff is the educational policy that most likely will produce an improvement in students’ scholastic performance. The summary report of the project "Teacher training for inclusive education systems across Europe - Challenges and Opportunities" (European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education , 2011) indicates that this area could be subject to further developments: prepare to respond to the different needs and the didactic and educational requirements that future teachers will encounter in the classroom is the educational policy that, more likely, will have a positive impact on the development of more inclusive communities. No educational policy can overlook the centrality of the teaching profession and the involvement of teachers in innovative processes. The quality of teachers is of paramount importance for any country that aspires to have an excellent educational system. Based on this consideration the European Union has placed this issue among the priorities of its political agenda. Suggested actions to improve the quality of teacher education, on one hand, concern the specific pedagogical and disciplinary aspects, on the other hand the promotion of a culture of research and reflection. Teachers should understand the significant research results in the field of education and develop their own knowledge and skills regarding these innovations, in a perspective of lifelong learning. It was considered essential to turn these guidelines into training and professional practices. For this purpose it is necessary to build coherent “pre-service” teacher pathways involving teachers early in their careers, in order to create the basis for an educational experience that will accompany them throughout their careers. It is in this perspective, at the Education Faculty at the Bicocca Milan University, that the curriculum proposed the apprenticeship of additional didactic activities (ADA) for teaching pupils with special needs. As primary objective, the research has evaluated the effectiveness of the training course of the ADA apprenticeship through a longitudinal monitoring of the participants, their representations and their belief. To this end, the research system has planned the collection of qualitative (interviews, focus groups and discussion through a wiki) and quantitative (questionnaire 10 “Conceptions and beliefs on school inclusion“) data in a sample of pre-service teacher. Aware of the importance of the use of a mixed method research study in the social scienze field and the learning in the educational environment, it was decided to adopt methods of analysis which would facilitate integration between the two data sources. In particular, for the textual material we made use of content analysis, while for the numerical part we have adopted common practices of reliability and variance analysis for repeated measures. The results confirm that indeed the participants in the training developed greater awareness of the various topics covered by the questionnaire and those which also concern the concept of inclusion. The focus on understanding the differences in the whole class group and the use of the resources by each student in the class group, aiming for individualized personalization of the learning, seem to be shared by all trainees and placed as fundamental in their projects in the classroom. The content analysis shows that the training helps to transform conceptions and beliefs of the participants about the issues of inclusion. The analysis of variance gives us further evidence, showing how longitudinally, there are no statistically significant changes for the various measures in the expected direction. In our opinion, these results , may be determined by the special attention given by the supervisors in implementing inclusive strategies that, given the high number of participants and only 30 hours of time to get to know them, have been made possible thanks to the use of technologies, such as forums and wikis , and in general the Docebo platform. Overall, the results support the adoption of the ADA training model both in terms of the ability to activate the processes of knowledge co-construction and professional practices, especially in light of continuing education as required by the educational system. In particular, it is important to underline that even after the end of the course, in general, the participants still continue to interact with each other and with their supervisors, both using the same platform for e-learning and with meetings. Our experience is useful also in continuing education, adding to good practices of professional experiences that can be profitably exported to other contexts.
L’OCSE (2005) suggerisce che migliorare la qualità del corpo docente è l’iniziativa politica che più verosimilmente produrrà un miglioramento del rendimento scolastico degli alunni. La relazione di sintesi del progetto “La formazione docente per un sistema scolastico inclusivo in tutta Europa – Sfide e opportunità” (Agenzia Europea per lo Sviluppo dell’Istruzione degli Alunni Disabili, 2011) indica che questo settore può essere oggetto di ulteriori sviluppi: preparare a rispondere alla diversità delle richieste e delle esigenze didattiche ed educative che i futuri docenti incontreranno in classe, è l’iniziativa politica che, con maggiore probabilità, avrà un impatto positivo sullo sviluppo di comunità più inclusive. Nessuna politica educativa può prescindere dalla centralità della professione docente e dal coinvolgimento degli insegnanti nei processi innovativi. La qualità degli insegnanti è di primaria importanza per ogni Paese che aspiri all’eccellenza del proprio sistema educativo. È sulla base di questa considerazione che l’Unione Europea ha posto tale tema tra quelli prioritari della sua agenda politica. Le azioni suggerite per migliorare la qualità della formazione degli insegnanti riguardano da un lato il versante pedagogico e disciplinare specifico, dall’altro la promozione di una cultura della ricerca e della riflessione. Gli insegnanti devono essere in grado di appropriarsi in maniera significativa dei risultati della ricerca in ambito educativo e di far evolvere i propri saperi e le proprie competenze in funzione delle innovazioni, in un'ottica di lifelong learning. Si è ritenuto fondamentale trasformare queste linee guida in pratiche formative e professionali. A questo scopo, è necessario costruire coerenti percorsi pre-service teacher che coinvolgano, quindi, gli insegnanti all'inizio della loro carriera, per creare le basi di un’esperienza formativa che li accompagni lungo tutto il loro percorso professionale. É in tale orizzonte che si situa il percorso formativo proposto dal tirocinio delle attività didattiche aggiuntive (ADA) per il sostegno all'integrazione degli alunni in situazione di handicap, della facoltà di Scienze della Formazione dell'Università di Milano Bicocca. La ricerca si è posta come primo obiettivo quello di valutare l'efficacia del percorso formativo del tirocinio ADA, attraverso un monitoraggio longitudinale dei partecipanti, delle loro rappresentazioni e dei loro apprendimenti. A tal fine, l'impianto della ricerca ha previsto la raccolta di dati qualitativi (Interviste, Focus group e produzioni spontanee tramite Wiki) e quantitativi (Questionario “Concezioni e credenze sull’inclusione scolastica”) in un campione di pre-service teacher. Consapevoli dell'importanza dell'utilizzo delle ricerche mixed methods nel campo sociale e degli apprendimenti in ambito formativo, si è preferita l'adozione di metodologie di analisi che facilitassero l'integrazione fra le due fonti di dati. In particolare, per il materiale testuale ci si è avvalsi di analisi di contenuto, mentre per la parte più numerica si sono adottate le comuni pratiche di analisi di affidabilità e analisi della varianza per misure ripetute. I risultati confermano che effettivamente i partecipanti al tirocinio mostrano di aver sviluppato una maggior consapevolezza rispetto alle diverse tematiche trattate dal questionario e che afferiscono al concetto d’inclusione. L’attenzione alla comprensione delle differenze nell’intero gruppo classe e la valorizzazione delle risorse di ciascuno degli allievi del gruppo classe, mirando all’individualizzazione per la personalizzazione dell'apprendimento, sembrano essere condivisi da tutti i tirocinanti e posti come fondamentali nei loro progetti d’intervento in classe. L'analisi di contenuto mostra che il percorso formativo contribuisce a trasformare concezioni e credenze dei partecipanti circa i temi dell'inclusione. L'analisi della varianza ci fornisce ulteriori conferme mostrando come, longitudinalmente, ci siano variazioni statisticamente significative per le diverse misure nella direzione attesa. Tali risultati, a nostro avviso, potrebbero essere determinati dalla particolare attenzione posta dai supervisori nel mettere in atto strategie inclusive che, dato il numero sostenuto di partecipanti e le sole 30 ore di tempo a disposizioni per conoscerli, sono state rese possibili anche grazie all'uso delle tecnologie, quali forum e wiki, ed in generale la piattaforma Docebo. Nel complesso, i risultati supportano l'adozione del modello formativo ADA sia per quanto riguarda la possibilità di attivare processi di co-costruzione di conoscenze e pratiche professionali, sia soprattutto alla luce di una formazione continua come previsto dallo stesso impianto formativo. In particolare, vale la pensa sottolineare come al termine del percorso formativo, in generale i partecipanti continuino a tutt'oggi a interagire tra loro e con i supervisori, sia tramite la stessa piattaforma di e-learning, sia in incontri in presenza. La nostra esperienza risulta essere utile anche dal punto di vista di una formazione continua, inserendosi nelle buone pratiche delle esperienze professionali che possono essere proficuamente esportate ad altri contesti.
(2014). Insegnamento e inclusione: una ricerca sull'efficacia della formazione in un percorso di tirocinio. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014).
Insegnamento e inclusione: una ricerca sull'efficacia della formazione in un percorso di tirocinio
ALOISI, GIUSEPPINA TIZIANA
2014
Abstract
The OECD (2005) suggests that improving the quality of the teaching staff is the educational policy that most likely will produce an improvement in students’ scholastic performance. The summary report of the project "Teacher training for inclusive education systems across Europe - Challenges and Opportunities" (European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education , 2011) indicates that this area could be subject to further developments: prepare to respond to the different needs and the didactic and educational requirements that future teachers will encounter in the classroom is the educational policy that, more likely, will have a positive impact on the development of more inclusive communities. No educational policy can overlook the centrality of the teaching profession and the involvement of teachers in innovative processes. The quality of teachers is of paramount importance for any country that aspires to have an excellent educational system. Based on this consideration the European Union has placed this issue among the priorities of its political agenda. Suggested actions to improve the quality of teacher education, on one hand, concern the specific pedagogical and disciplinary aspects, on the other hand the promotion of a culture of research and reflection. Teachers should understand the significant research results in the field of education and develop their own knowledge and skills regarding these innovations, in a perspective of lifelong learning. It was considered essential to turn these guidelines into training and professional practices. For this purpose it is necessary to build coherent “pre-service” teacher pathways involving teachers early in their careers, in order to create the basis for an educational experience that will accompany them throughout their careers. It is in this perspective, at the Education Faculty at the Bicocca Milan University, that the curriculum proposed the apprenticeship of additional didactic activities (ADA) for teaching pupils with special needs. As primary objective, the research has evaluated the effectiveness of the training course of the ADA apprenticeship through a longitudinal monitoring of the participants, their representations and their belief. To this end, the research system has planned the collection of qualitative (interviews, focus groups and discussion through a wiki) and quantitative (questionnaire 10 “Conceptions and beliefs on school inclusion“) data in a sample of pre-service teacher. Aware of the importance of the use of a mixed method research study in the social scienze field and the learning in the educational environment, it was decided to adopt methods of analysis which would facilitate integration between the two data sources. In particular, for the textual material we made use of content analysis, while for the numerical part we have adopted common practices of reliability and variance analysis for repeated measures. The results confirm that indeed the participants in the training developed greater awareness of the various topics covered by the questionnaire and those which also concern the concept of inclusion. The focus on understanding the differences in the whole class group and the use of the resources by each student in the class group, aiming for individualized personalization of the learning, seem to be shared by all trainees and placed as fundamental in their projects in the classroom. The content analysis shows that the training helps to transform conceptions and beliefs of the participants about the issues of inclusion. The analysis of variance gives us further evidence, showing how longitudinally, there are no statistically significant changes for the various measures in the expected direction. In our opinion, these results , may be determined by the special attention given by the supervisors in implementing inclusive strategies that, given the high number of participants and only 30 hours of time to get to know them, have been made possible thanks to the use of technologies, such as forums and wikis , and in general the Docebo platform. Overall, the results support the adoption of the ADA training model both in terms of the ability to activate the processes of knowledge co-construction and professional practices, especially in light of continuing education as required by the educational system. In particular, it is important to underline that even after the end of the course, in general, the participants still continue to interact with each other and with their supervisors, both using the same platform for e-learning and with meetings. Our experience is useful also in continuing education, adding to good practices of professional experiences that can be profitably exported to other contexts.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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