Creativity is a multidimensional construct, not easy to define (Antonietti, Colombo & Pizzingrilli, 2011a, 2011b; Runco, 2008). It represents a psychological potential that each individual owns in different measures and a fundamental Life Skill for the well-being and the adaptation to the environment. Creativity and emotional competence - like the ability to understand, express and regulate emotions (Denham, 2006) - seem to be related to each other: especially fluidity (generating a great number of ideas) and flexibility (generating original ideas, different from each other) are linked to emotional competence and to self-esteem (Sanchez-Ruiz, Hernandez-Torrano, Pérez-González, Batey & Petrides, 2011; Hoffman & Russ, 2012) in children with typical development. Studies with children with atypical development highlight that children with autism spectrum disorder seem to show high creativity but they find some difficulties in using emotional competence. In particular, some specific traits of the autism disorder – like tendency toward perfection, focus on details and good memory (Happé & Vital, 2009) – seem to be particularly favorable for the development of creativity. However, research often focuses only on their deficit, not considering the potentialities that these children may have. With the aim to investigate the link between creativity and emotion comprehension in children with typical development and with autism spectrum disorder, two empirical studies have been carried out, assessing fluid intelligence, creativity and emotion comprehension. The first one involved about 400 children aged between 5 and 11, considering also the direct effect that some socio-demographic variables might have on the variation of creativity scores. Afterwards, attention was focused on a group of about 40 children with high-functioning autism and 40 children with typical development paired for gender and age. The first Study shows that, differently from fluid intelligence and emotion comprehension, creativity does not grow with age. Creativity and emotion comprehension show interesting correlations (fluidity and mental component: p<.05; flexibility and external component: p<.05; flexibility and mental component: p<.01; elaboration and mental/reflexive component: p<.05). An interesting interaction effect among the variables emerges, particularly in relation to fluidity and flexibility. The data suggest that the development of the two aspects is, in some way, related. The second study shows that children with autism produce elaborate and original ideas, but show a more rigid way of thinking (Fluidity: p<.05; Flexibility: p<.001) and significant difficulties in emotion comprehension. Among the three investigated aspects, interesting correlations emerged: emotion comprehension appears to be linked to fluidity (External component: p<.05, Mental component: p<.01, Reflexive component: p<.001), flexibility (External component: p<.05; Reflexive component: p<.05) and elaboration (Mental component: p<.01). In relation to these interesting findings, we propose an educational training for small groups of autistic children, focused on fluidity and flexibility, with the aim to increase emotion comprehension.
La creatività è un costrutto multidimensionale di non semplice definizione (Antonietti, Colombo & Pizzingrilli, 2011a, 2011b; Runco, 2008). È una potenzialità psicologica presente – in diversa misura – in ogni individuo e una Life Skill fondamentale per il benessere e l’adattamento all’ambiente. Creatività e competenza emotiva – intesa come capacità di esprimere, comprendere e regolare le emozioni (Denham, 2006) – sembrano essere aspetti correlati: in particolar modo fluidità (produzione di tante idee) e flessibilità (produzione di idee diverse tra loro) sono legate alla competenza emotiva e alla stima di sé (Sànchez-Ruiz, Hernandez-Torrano, Pérez-Gonzàlez, Batey & Petrides, 2011; Hoffman & Russ, 2012) in bambini a sviluppo tipico. Studi con bambini a sviluppo atipico evidenziano come bambini con disturbo dello spettro autistico abbiano elevata creatività, a fronte di scarse competenze emotive. Sembra infatti che alcuni tratti tipici del disturbo – quali ad esempio la tendenza verso la perfezione, la capacità di focalizzarsi sui dettagli e un’ottima memoria (Happé & Vital, 2009) – siano particolarmente propizi per lo sviluppo della creatività. Spesso tuttavia ci si sofferma solo sugli aspetti deficitari della patologia, senza considerare le potenzialità che questi bambini possono avere. Con l’obiettivo di approfondire il legame tra creatività e comprensione delle emozioni in bambini con sviluppo tipico e con disturbo dello spettro autistico, sono stati condotti due studi empirici, valutando intelligenza fluida, abilità creativa e comprensione delle emozioni. Il primo ha coinvolto circa 400 bambini di età compresa fra 5 e 11 anni, prendendo in considerazione anche l’effetto diretto che alcune variabili socio-demografiche possono avere sul variare dei punteggi di creatività. Successivamente l’attenzione è stata focalizzata su un gruppo di circa 40 bambini con autismo ad alto funzionamento cognitivo appaiati per genere ed età a bambini con sviluppo tipico. Dallo Studio I emerge che, differentemente da intelligenza fluida e comprensione delle emozioni, la creatività non aumenta all’aumentare dell’età. Creatività e comprensione delle emozioni risultano significativamente correlate (fluidità e componente mentale: p<.05; flessibilità e componente esterna: p<.05; flessibilità e componente mentale: p<.01; elaborazione e componente mentale/riflessiva p<.05). Si osserva un interessante effetto di interazione tra le variabili, in particolar modo in riferimento a fluidità e flessibilità. I dati pongono quindi in evidenza che lo sviluppo dei due aspetti è, per qualche verso correlato. Dallo Studio II emerge invece che i bambini con autismo producono idee elaborate e originali, ma mostrano una tipologia di pensiero più rigida (fluidità: p<.05; flessibilità: p<.001) e difficoltà significative nella comprensione delle emozioni rispetto ai pari con sviluppo tipico. Tra gli aspetti indagati emergono correlazioni interessanti, in particolar modo tra comprensione delle emozioni e fluidità (Componente esterna: p<.05, Componente mentale: p<.01, Componente riflessiva: p<.001), flessibilità (Componente esterna: p<.05; Componente riflessiva: p<.05) ed elaborazione (Componente mentale: p<.01). In relazione agli interessanti risultati emersi si propone un percorso educativo per piccoli gruppi di bambini con autismo con focus su fluidità e flessibilità con l’obiettivo di incrementare la comprensione delle emozioni.
(2015). Creatività e comprensione delle emozioni. Studi empirici con bambini a sviluppo tipico e con disturbo dello spettro autistico. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015).
Creatività e comprensione delle emozioni. Studi empirici con bambini a sviluppo tipico e con disturbo dello spettro autistico
MOLTENI, STEFANIA
2015
Abstract
Creativity is a multidimensional construct, not easy to define (Antonietti, Colombo & Pizzingrilli, 2011a, 2011b; Runco, 2008). It represents a psychological potential that each individual owns in different measures and a fundamental Life Skill for the well-being and the adaptation to the environment. Creativity and emotional competence - like the ability to understand, express and regulate emotions (Denham, 2006) - seem to be related to each other: especially fluidity (generating a great number of ideas) and flexibility (generating original ideas, different from each other) are linked to emotional competence and to self-esteem (Sanchez-Ruiz, Hernandez-Torrano, Pérez-González, Batey & Petrides, 2011; Hoffman & Russ, 2012) in children with typical development. Studies with children with atypical development highlight that children with autism spectrum disorder seem to show high creativity but they find some difficulties in using emotional competence. In particular, some specific traits of the autism disorder – like tendency toward perfection, focus on details and good memory (Happé & Vital, 2009) – seem to be particularly favorable for the development of creativity. However, research often focuses only on their deficit, not considering the potentialities that these children may have. With the aim to investigate the link between creativity and emotion comprehension in children with typical development and with autism spectrum disorder, two empirical studies have been carried out, assessing fluid intelligence, creativity and emotion comprehension. The first one involved about 400 children aged between 5 and 11, considering also the direct effect that some socio-demographic variables might have on the variation of creativity scores. Afterwards, attention was focused on a group of about 40 children with high-functioning autism and 40 children with typical development paired for gender and age. The first Study shows that, differently from fluid intelligence and emotion comprehension, creativity does not grow with age. Creativity and emotion comprehension show interesting correlations (fluidity and mental component: p<.05; flexibility and external component: p<.05; flexibility and mental component: p<.01; elaboration and mental/reflexive component: p<.05). An interesting interaction effect among the variables emerges, particularly in relation to fluidity and flexibility. The data suggest that the development of the two aspects is, in some way, related. The second study shows that children with autism produce elaborate and original ideas, but show a more rigid way of thinking (Fluidity: p<.05; Flexibility: p<.001) and significant difficulties in emotion comprehension. Among the three investigated aspects, interesting correlations emerged: emotion comprehension appears to be linked to fluidity (External component: p<.05, Mental component: p<.01, Reflexive component: p<.001), flexibility (External component: p<.05; Reflexive component: p<.05) and elaboration (Mental component: p<.01). In relation to these interesting findings, we propose an educational training for small groups of autistic children, focused on fluidity and flexibility, with the aim to increase emotion comprehension.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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