The neuroscientific investigation of visual aesthetic experience has been largely investigated visual artwork’s positive affect; however, its negative aspects have little traction towards exploring its neural underpinnings. A viewer may employ a psychological distance to appropriately embrace negative emotion as a second experience, perhaps through empathic processes that promote the sharing, feeling, and understanding of another’s emotions. Therefore, an intersection of the social and aesthetic brain towards negativity deems present and permits further investigation. Accordingly, a meta-analysis assessing neural correlates of negative emotion was conducted across three visual stimuli domains: artistic (VAE), social (VSE), and non-artistic (VNE) stimuli. GingerALE software employed ALE analyses to specify neural correlates within and between VAE, VSE, and VNE. Meta-analytic results revealed the early visual cortex for VAE, while activations across empathic and social systems were shown for VNE and VSE. However, VAE contributed to VNE and VSE conjunction analyses that replicated their respective individual meta-analytic activations, and VAE’s cluster survived the contrast analysis against VNE yet not VSE. The context of engagement, such as aesthetic, may generate top-down effects on neural systems in how one feels, shares, and understands another’s negative emotion. The VAE may have more similarities with the VSE, implying a shared neural infrastructure between the social and aesthetic brain. Therefore, neural systems denoting empathy and social processes may underlie how the negative aesthetic experience emerges, yet the question remains, why? Feeling moved is an empathic and emotionally intense experience based within self-relevancy that may emerge from gaining new meaningful experiences, especially from negative aesthetic content. The posterior cerebellum may implicitly learn about one’s environment by employing empathic, social, and motor faculties in a negatively affectual space. Likewise, a viewer may employ implicit learning to compare a painting with previous knowledge to explain the aesthetic experience in hand. High perceptual learning may base feeling moved, resulting from a coherency between the self and the artwork via empathic processes and art experience. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the cerebellum (ctDCS) has revealed the cerebellum’s functional role in implicit learning across social, emotional, and motor domains. ctDCS over the right posterior cerebellum was utilized to investigate the role of feeling moved by visual artwork in relation to individual differences in empathy and art experience. Individuals felt more moved by negative artwork, which was positively impacted by an individual’s empathic abilities. Unlike positive artwork, negative artwork may underly higher instances of implicit learning within an aesthetic context that is facilitated by an individual’s ability to empathically engage. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of empathy and art experience felt less moved after anodal ctDCS, suggesting than a subjective ease in aesthetic engagement is impaired by a procession of internal models to implicitly learn across aesthetic experience. The social brain may be employed within an aesthetic context to engender aesthetic engagement with artwork depicting negativity to allow the attainment of new experiences that an individual may not be keen to engage with in real life.

L'indagine neuroscientifica sull'esperienza estetica visiva ha analizzato ampiamente l'effetto positivo dell'arte visiva; tuttavia, i suoi aspetti negativi hanno ricevuto poca attenzione nell'esplorazione dei fondamenti neurali. Un osservatore può adottare una distanza psicologica per abbracciare adeguatamente l'emozione negativa come esperienza secondaria, forse attraverso processi empatici che promuovono la condivisione, la percezione e la comprensione delle emozioni altrui. Pertanto, appare presente e meritevole di ulteriore indagine un'intersezione tra il cervello sociale e quello estetico orientata alla negatività. Di conseguenza, è stata condotta una meta-analisi per valutare i correlati neurali dell'emozione negativa in tre domini di stimoli visivi: artistici (VAE), sociali (VSE) e non artistici (VNE). Il software GingerALE ha utilizzato analisi ALE per specificare i correlati neurali all'interno e tra VAE, VSE e VNE. I risultati meta-analitici hanno rivelato la corteccia visiva precoce per il VAE, mentre le attivazioni nei sistemi empatici e sociali sono emerse per il VNE e il VSE. Tuttavia, il VAE ha contribuito alle analisi di congiunzione di VNE e VSE, replicando le rispettive attivazioni meta-analitiche individuali, e il cluster del VAE è sopravvissuto all'analisi di contrasto contro il VNE, ma non contro il VSE. Il contesto dell'impegno, come quello estetico, può generare effetti top-down sui sistemi neurali nel modo in cui si percepiscono, condividono e comprendono le emozioni negative altrui. Il VAE potrebbe presentare più somiglianze con il VSE, suggerendo un'infrastruttura neurale condivisa tra il cervello sociale e quello estetico. Pertanto, i sistemi neurali che denotano empatia e processi sociali potrebbero essere alla base del modo in cui emerge l'esperienza estetica negativa, ma la domanda rimane: perché? Sentirsi commossi è un'esperienza empatica ed emotivamente intensa, basata sulla rilevanza personale, che può emergere dall'acquisizione di nuove esperienze significative, specialmente da contenuti estetici negativi. Il cervelletto posteriore può apprendere implicitamente sull'ambiente impiegando capacità empatiche, sociali e motorie in uno spazio di affettività negativa. Allo stesso modo, uno spettatore può utilizzare l'apprendimento implicito per confrontare un dipinto con conoscenze pregresse, per spiegare l'esperienza estetica in corso. Un elevato apprendimento percettivo può essere alla base del sentirsi commossi, risultante da una coerenza tra il sé e l'opera d'arte tramite processi empatici e esperienza artistica. La stimolazione transcranica a corrente diretta sul cervelletto (ctDCS) ha rivelato il ruolo funzionale del cervelletto nell'apprendimento implicito nei domini sociale, emotivo e motorio. La ctDCS sul cervelletto posteriore destro è stata utilizzata per indagare il ruolo del sentirsi commossi dall'arte visiva in relazione alle differenze individuali nell'empatia e nell'esperienza artistica. Gli individui si sentivano più commossi dalle opere negative, positivamente influenzate dalle capacità empatiche individuali. A differenza delle opere positive, le opere negative possono implicare maggiori casi di apprendimento implicito in un contesto estetico facilitato dalla capacità dell'individuo di impegnarsi empaticamente. Inoltre, gli individui con livelli più elevati di empatia e di esperienza artistica si sentivano meno commossi dopo la ctDCS anodica, suggerendo che una facilità soggettiva nell'impegno estetico è compromessa da un processo di modelli interni per apprendere implicitamente attraverso l'esperienza estetica. Il cervello sociale può essere impiegato in un contesto estetico per generare un coinvolgimento estetico con opere d'arte che rappresentano negatività, consentendo l'acquisizione di nuove esperienze che un individuo potrebbe non essere incline a vivere nella vita reale.

(2025). An Intersection Between the Aesthetic and Social Brain: The Role of Empathic Processes towards Negative Emotion within Visual Aesthetic Experience.. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).

An Intersection Between the Aesthetic and Social Brain: The Role of Empathic Processes towards Negative Emotion within Visual Aesthetic Experience.

SLABY, RYAN JOSEPH
2025

Abstract

The neuroscientific investigation of visual aesthetic experience has been largely investigated visual artwork’s positive affect; however, its negative aspects have little traction towards exploring its neural underpinnings. A viewer may employ a psychological distance to appropriately embrace negative emotion as a second experience, perhaps through empathic processes that promote the sharing, feeling, and understanding of another’s emotions. Therefore, an intersection of the social and aesthetic brain towards negativity deems present and permits further investigation. Accordingly, a meta-analysis assessing neural correlates of negative emotion was conducted across three visual stimuli domains: artistic (VAE), social (VSE), and non-artistic (VNE) stimuli. GingerALE software employed ALE analyses to specify neural correlates within and between VAE, VSE, and VNE. Meta-analytic results revealed the early visual cortex for VAE, while activations across empathic and social systems were shown for VNE and VSE. However, VAE contributed to VNE and VSE conjunction analyses that replicated their respective individual meta-analytic activations, and VAE’s cluster survived the contrast analysis against VNE yet not VSE. The context of engagement, such as aesthetic, may generate top-down effects on neural systems in how one feels, shares, and understands another’s negative emotion. The VAE may have more similarities with the VSE, implying a shared neural infrastructure between the social and aesthetic brain. Therefore, neural systems denoting empathy and social processes may underlie how the negative aesthetic experience emerges, yet the question remains, why? Feeling moved is an empathic and emotionally intense experience based within self-relevancy that may emerge from gaining new meaningful experiences, especially from negative aesthetic content. The posterior cerebellum may implicitly learn about one’s environment by employing empathic, social, and motor faculties in a negatively affectual space. Likewise, a viewer may employ implicit learning to compare a painting with previous knowledge to explain the aesthetic experience in hand. High perceptual learning may base feeling moved, resulting from a coherency between the self and the artwork via empathic processes and art experience. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the cerebellum (ctDCS) has revealed the cerebellum’s functional role in implicit learning across social, emotional, and motor domains. ctDCS over the right posterior cerebellum was utilized to investigate the role of feeling moved by visual artwork in relation to individual differences in empathy and art experience. Individuals felt more moved by negative artwork, which was positively impacted by an individual’s empathic abilities. Unlike positive artwork, negative artwork may underly higher instances of implicit learning within an aesthetic context that is facilitated by an individual’s ability to empathically engage. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of empathy and art experience felt less moved after anodal ctDCS, suggesting than a subjective ease in aesthetic engagement is impaired by a procession of internal models to implicitly learn across aesthetic experience. The social brain may be employed within an aesthetic context to engender aesthetic engagement with artwork depicting negativity to allow the attainment of new experiences that an individual may not be keen to engage with in real life.
CATTANEO, ZAIRA
Esperienza Estetica; Emozione Negativa; Empatia; Cognizione Sociale; Previsione
Aesthetic Experience; Negative Emotion; Empathy; Social Cognition; Prediction
Settore PSIC-01/B - Neuropsicologia e neuroscienze cognitive
English
4-feb-2025
37
2023/2024
open
(2025). An Intersection Between the Aesthetic and Social Brain: The Role of Empathic Processes towards Negative Emotion within Visual Aesthetic Experience.. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/542304
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