The research intends to explore the topic of active participation of children aged 3-6 in the decision-making, promoting sensitive listening practices and contexts that are based on the implementation of participatory methodologies and approaches. The work therefore aims to explore context’s possibilities, mainly outdoors, from children’s perspective, outlining conditions and constraints that favor or not realization of affordances and expression of agency. It is also intended to explore the potential of the photovoice methodology, a participatory-visual approach that uses photography as a tool for documentation and critical reflection to promote participation, allowing everyone to express their opinions on living spaces. The thesis is divided into five chapters, which take shape from two scoping reviews: the first chapter reconstructs the first review process, which aims to explore the connections between affordance theory and children's agency. The second chapter presents the results of the second review, which aimed to investigate photovoice’s possibilities with children as a tool to foster participation, agency and empowerment. The third chapter focuses on the research objectives and methodological choices, describing a qualitative design that identified photovoice as an appropriate methodology to listen to the views of 44 children aged 3-6 in two kindergartens in the Municipality of Milan regarding outdoor spaces, using tools such as photographs, interviews, group discussions and captions. In addition, tools such as the researcher's reflective diary and the focus group with the educators were used. The chapter then explores reflexive thematic analysis as an analytical approach to interpreting the data collected, including pictures and narratives produced by the children, words of the educators and reflections of the researcher. Chapter four analyses the data produced by the children with photovoice, describing play experiences, enjoyable or not, as well as some contextual features that from the children's perspective support or do not support the realization of affordances. Finally, the fifth chapter reflects on photovoice as a tool for listening to children through active participation in observational, documentary, reflective and transformative processes, proving to be an inclusive and engaging approach that can offer children the opportunity to be meanings’ co-constructors in their living environments through multimodal languages. This paper, therefore, intends to discuss the importance of identifying appropriate conditions for listening to children's voices, designing educational contexts that respond to personal needs, desires and inclinations. It also emphasizes how, through participatory approaches, children can express their agency and take part in decision-making processes of experiences’ co-construction, revealing unprecedented perspectives. In addition, it is significant to consider the interaction between children and contexts from an holistic perspective, capable of integrating physical, social, cultural and personal aspects: it therefore appears crucial for adults to assume an observational and flexible posture, on the one hand welcoming the self-determination of children's experiences rather than imposing predefined visions, and on the other hand manifesting a disposition to activate processes of exchange and negotiation, offering contexts and tools for taking the stand. In this sense, the use of approaches such as photovoice can facilitate active participation, intergenerational dialogue and collective reflection, overcoming verbal barriers. In conclusion, it is emphasized the need to promote prospective and practical-methodological changes that encourage democratic participation and an ethical redistribution of power between children and adults in everyday educational practices, recognizing the latter as active subjects capable of transforming their own life experiences.

Il lavoro di ricerca intende approfondire il tema della partecipazione di bambini e bambine di 3-6 anni, promuovendo pratiche e contesti di ascolto sensibili che si basano in particolare sull’implementazione di metodologie e approcci partecipativi. La ricerca pertanto vuole esplorare le possibilità dei contesti, principalmente all'aperto, dalla prospettiva dei bambini, tratteggiando condizioni e vincoli che favoriscono o meno l’attualizzazione di affordances e l’espressione di agency. Si intende inoltre esplorare le potenzialità della metodologia del photovoice, un approccio partecipativo-visuale che utilizza la fotografia come strumento di documentazione e riflessione critica per promuovere partecipazione. La tesi si articola in cinque capitoli, a partire da due scoping review: nel primo capitolo è ricostruito il primo processo di revisione, che intende esplorare le connessioni tra la teoria delle affordances e l'agency dei bambini. Il secondo capitolo presenta i risultati della seconda revisione, tesa ad indagare le possibilità della metodologia del photovoice con bambine e bambini quale strumento per favorire partecipazione, agency ed empowerment. Il terzo capitolo si concentra su obiettivi di ricerca e scelte metodologiche, descrivendo un disegno qualitativo che ha individuato nel photovoice una metodologia per ascoltare il punto di vista di 44 bambini di 3-6 anni di due scuole dell’infanzia del Comune di Milano rispetto agli spazi all'aperto, con strumenti quali fotografie, interviste, discussioni di gruppo e didascalie. In più, sono stati utilizzati il diario riflessivo del ricercatore e il focus group con le educatrici. Il capitolo approfondisce poi l'analisi tematica riflessiva quale approccio analitico per interpretare i dati raccolti, tra cui immagini e narrazioni prodotte dai bambini, parole delle educatrici e riflessioni della ricercatrice. Il capitolo quarto analizza i dati prodotti da bambine e bambini con photovoice, descrivendo esperienze di gioco, gradevoli o meno, così come alcune caratteristiche contestuali che dal loro punto di vista sostengono o meno la realizzazione di affordances. Infine, il quinto capitolo riflette sul photovoice quale strumento di ascolto dei bambini attraverso la partecipazione attiva a processi osservativi, documentativi, riflessivi e trasformativi, rivelandosi un approccio che può offrire ai bambini l'opportunità di essere co-costruttori di significati nei loro ambienti di vita attraverso linguaggi multimodali. Il lavoro intende pertanto discutere l'importanza di individuare condizioni appropriate per ascoltare le voci dei bambini, progettando contesti educativi che rispondano a bisogni, desideri e inclinazioni personali. Si sottolinea inoltre come, attraverso approcci partecipativi, i bambini possano esprimere agency e prendere parte a processi decisionali di co-costruzione di esperienze, svelando prospettive inedite. In più si rivela significativo considerare l'interazione tra bambini e contesti in un'ottica olistica, capace di integrare aspetti fisici, sociali, culturali e personali: appare dunque cruciale che gli adulti assumano una postura osservativa e flessibile, accogliendo l'autodeterminazione delle esperienze dei bambini piuttosto che imporre visioni predefinite, e manifestando una disposizione ad attivare processi di scambio e di negoziazione, offrendo contesti e strumenti di presa di parola. In questo senso, l’utilizzo di approcci come il photovoice può facilitare la partecipazione attiva, il dialogo intergenerazionale e la riflessione collettiva, superando le barriere verbali. In conclusione si sottolinea la necessità di promuovere cambiamenti prospettici e pratico-metodologici che incoraggino una partecipazione democratica e una ridistribuzione etica di poteri tra bambini e adulti nelle pratiche educative, riconoscendo gli ultimi quali soggetti attivi e capaci di trasformare le proprie esperienze.

(2025). Generare contesti partecipativi: affordances dei luoghi e sguardi di adulti e bambini alla scuola dell'infanzia attraverso la metodologia del photovoice. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).

Generare contesti partecipativi: affordances dei luoghi e sguardi di adulti e bambini alla scuola dell'infanzia attraverso la metodologia del photovoice

LUINI, LETIZIA
2025

Abstract

The research intends to explore the topic of active participation of children aged 3-6 in the decision-making, promoting sensitive listening practices and contexts that are based on the implementation of participatory methodologies and approaches. The work therefore aims to explore context’s possibilities, mainly outdoors, from children’s perspective, outlining conditions and constraints that favor or not realization of affordances and expression of agency. It is also intended to explore the potential of the photovoice methodology, a participatory-visual approach that uses photography as a tool for documentation and critical reflection to promote participation, allowing everyone to express their opinions on living spaces. The thesis is divided into five chapters, which take shape from two scoping reviews: the first chapter reconstructs the first review process, which aims to explore the connections between affordance theory and children's agency. The second chapter presents the results of the second review, which aimed to investigate photovoice’s possibilities with children as a tool to foster participation, agency and empowerment. The third chapter focuses on the research objectives and methodological choices, describing a qualitative design that identified photovoice as an appropriate methodology to listen to the views of 44 children aged 3-6 in two kindergartens in the Municipality of Milan regarding outdoor spaces, using tools such as photographs, interviews, group discussions and captions. In addition, tools such as the researcher's reflective diary and the focus group with the educators were used. The chapter then explores reflexive thematic analysis as an analytical approach to interpreting the data collected, including pictures and narratives produced by the children, words of the educators and reflections of the researcher. Chapter four analyses the data produced by the children with photovoice, describing play experiences, enjoyable or not, as well as some contextual features that from the children's perspective support or do not support the realization of affordances. Finally, the fifth chapter reflects on photovoice as a tool for listening to children through active participation in observational, documentary, reflective and transformative processes, proving to be an inclusive and engaging approach that can offer children the opportunity to be meanings’ co-constructors in their living environments through multimodal languages. This paper, therefore, intends to discuss the importance of identifying appropriate conditions for listening to children's voices, designing educational contexts that respond to personal needs, desires and inclinations. It also emphasizes how, through participatory approaches, children can express their agency and take part in decision-making processes of experiences’ co-construction, revealing unprecedented perspectives. In addition, it is significant to consider the interaction between children and contexts from an holistic perspective, capable of integrating physical, social, cultural and personal aspects: it therefore appears crucial for adults to assume an observational and flexible posture, on the one hand welcoming the self-determination of children's experiences rather than imposing predefined visions, and on the other hand manifesting a disposition to activate processes of exchange and negotiation, offering contexts and tools for taking the stand. In this sense, the use of approaches such as photovoice can facilitate active participation, intergenerational dialogue and collective reflection, overcoming verbal barriers. In conclusion, it is emphasized the need to promote prospective and practical-methodological changes that encourage democratic participation and an ethical redistribution of power between children and adults in everyday educational practices, recognizing the latter as active subjects capable of transforming their own life experiences.
GUERRA, MONICA
affordances; agency dei bambini; photovoice; contesti all'aperto; partecipazione
affordances; children's agency; photovoice; outdoor contexts; participation
M-PED/01 - PEDAGOGIA GENERALE E SOCIALE
Italian
4-feb-2025
37
2023/2024
embargoed_20280204
(2025). Generare contesti partecipativi: affordances dei luoghi e sguardi di adulti e bambini alla scuola dell'infanzia attraverso la metodologia del photovoice. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).
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Descrizione: Generare contesti partecipativi: affordances dei luoghi e sguardi di adulti e bambini alla scuola dell'infanzia attraverso la metodologia del photovoice
Tipologia di allegato: Doctoral thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/539444
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