Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer (mEOC) is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, representing about 3% of all cases. It presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to poor response rates to standard platinum-based chemotherapy. This chemoresistance is the primary factor contributing to its poor prognosis, particularly in advanced stages, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies in mEOC. My PhD project aimed to identify new therapeutic targets, focusing on Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a well-studied member of the PLK family with essential roles in cell cycle progression, particularly in the G2-M checkpoint, mitosis, cytokinesis, DNA damage response, stress adaptation, and cell death pathways. PLK1 is frequently overexpressed in various cancer types, and its high expression levels are associated with poor prognosis, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Besides, PLK1 has been already observed as potential target in mEOC. To explore additional therapeutic targets, we performed a CRISPR/Cas9 screen using a gRNA library targeting 3,015 genes involved in apoptosis and cancer. This screen identified 12 genes associated with cell survival (ZC2HC1C, RPA2, KIN17, TUBG1, SMC2, CDC26, CDC42, HOXA9, TAF10, SENP1, MRPS31, and COPS2) and 3 genes (JUND, CARD9, and BCL2L2) that demonstrated potential synthetic lethality when combined with onvansertib treatment. Interestingly, we found that combining onvansertib with navitoclax—an inhibitor of BCL2 family members, including BCL2L2—produced synergistic effects across all four tested mEOC cell lines, leading to a pronounced induction of apoptosis. These findings support the combination of navitoclax and onvansertib as a promising new therapeutic strategy for mEOC.

Il carcinoma ovarico epiteliale mucinoso è un raro sottotipo di carcinoma ovarico epiteliale, rappresentando circa il 3% di tutti i carcinomi ovarici. Presenta una grande sfida diagnostica e terapeutica a causa dei bassi tassi di risposta alla chemioterapia standard a base di platino. Questa chemioresistenza è il principale fattore che contribuisce alla sua prognosi sfavorevole, soprattutto negli stadi avanzati, evidenziando un bisogno urgente di nuove strategie terapeutiche per il carcinoma ovarico mucinoso. Il mio progetto di dottorato mirava a identificare nuovi bersagli terapeutici, concentrandosi sul PLK1 con un ruolo essenziale nella progressione del ciclo cellulare, in particolare nel checkpoint G2-M, mitosi, citochinesi, risposta al danno del DNA, adattamento allo stress e morte cellulare. PLK1 è frequentemente sovra-espresso in varie tipologie di carcinomi, e i suoi alti livelli di espressione sono associati a una prognosi sfavorevole, rendendolo un bersaglio terapeutico promettente. Inoltre, PLK1 è già stato osservato come potenziale bersaglio nell’nel carcinoma dell’ovaio mucinoso. Per esplorare ulteriori bersagli terapeutici, abbiamo eseguito uno screening CRISPR/Cas9 utilizzando una libreria di gRNAs verso 3.015 geni coinvolti nell'apoptosi e nel cancro. Questo screening ha identificato 12 geni associati alla sopravvivenza cellulare (ZC2HC1C, RPA2, KIN17, TUBG1, SMC2, CDC26, CDC42, HOXA9, TAF10, SENP1, MRPS31 e COPS2) e 3 geni (JUND, CARD9 e BCL2L2) che hanno dimostrato potenziale letalità sintetica con il trattamento con onvansertib. La combinazione di onvansertib con navitoclax—un inibitore dei membri della famiglia BCL2, incluso BCL2L2— è risultata sinergica in tutte le quattro linee cellulari di carcinoma ovarico mucinoso testate, portando a una marcata induzione dell'apoptosi. Questi risultati supportano la combinazione di navitoclax e onvansertib come una promettente nuova strategia terapeutica per il carcinoma ovarico mucinoso

(2025). Target Discovery in Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma through CRISPR/Cas9 Screening Approach. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).

Target Discovery in Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma through CRISPR/Cas9 Screening Approach

PETRELLA, SERENA
2025

Abstract

Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer (mEOC) is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, representing about 3% of all cases. It presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to poor response rates to standard platinum-based chemotherapy. This chemoresistance is the primary factor contributing to its poor prognosis, particularly in advanced stages, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies in mEOC. My PhD project aimed to identify new therapeutic targets, focusing on Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a well-studied member of the PLK family with essential roles in cell cycle progression, particularly in the G2-M checkpoint, mitosis, cytokinesis, DNA damage response, stress adaptation, and cell death pathways. PLK1 is frequently overexpressed in various cancer types, and its high expression levels are associated with poor prognosis, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Besides, PLK1 has been already observed as potential target in mEOC. To explore additional therapeutic targets, we performed a CRISPR/Cas9 screen using a gRNA library targeting 3,015 genes involved in apoptosis and cancer. This screen identified 12 genes associated with cell survival (ZC2HC1C, RPA2, KIN17, TUBG1, SMC2, CDC26, CDC42, HOXA9, TAF10, SENP1, MRPS31, and COPS2) and 3 genes (JUND, CARD9, and BCL2L2) that demonstrated potential synthetic lethality when combined with onvansertib treatment. Interestingly, we found that combining onvansertib with navitoclax—an inhibitor of BCL2 family members, including BCL2L2—produced synergistic effects across all four tested mEOC cell lines, leading to a pronounced induction of apoptosis. These findings support the combination of navitoclax and onvansertib as a promising new therapeutic strategy for mEOC.
BIGINI, PAOLO
DAMIA, GIOVANNA
Cancro ovaio; mucinoso; PLK1; CRISPR/Cas9; bersagli terapeutici
Ovarian Cancer; Mucinous; PLK1; CRISPR/Cas9; Target discovery
BIO/11 - BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE
English
22-gen-2025
37
2023/2024
embargoed_20270122
(2025). Target Discovery in Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma through CRISPR/Cas9 Screening Approach. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/538805
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