One of the main open problems in theoretical physics is the classification and solution of quantum field theories relevant for describing high energy processes and for modeling condensed matter systems. When additional symmetries are present, in particular supersymmetry and conformal symmetry, they may also have a strong coupling dual description in terms of a perturbative string theory in Anti de Sitter spacetime, known as AdS/CFT correspondence. ABJ(M) theory is a three-dimensional N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter model which is conjectured to be dual to M-theory in AdS_4 x S^7 / Z_k or, in a specific limit, to type IIA string theory in AdS_4 x CP^3. This theory shows a rich moduli space of BPS Wilson loops preserving a certain fraction of the theory supercharges. In literature, the most known representatives are the circular 1/6 BPS bosonic and the 1/2 BPS fermionic Wilson loops. These operators are amenable of evaluation at weak and strong coupling using ordinary perturbation theory, AdS/CFT correspondence, supersymmetric localization and integrability techniques. We apply a one-dimensional auxiliary method to study the UV behavior of new circular 1/24 BPS operators, defined by turning on marginally relevant deformations in the well known 1/6 BPS Wilson loop. These are the most general and less supersymmetric BPS Wilson loops that can be defined in ABJ(M) theory. We find that the already known operators in ABJ(M) are fixed points of an intricate net of RG flows. We include in the computation both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric operators on the circle. We classify the RG flows in two main sets. The ordinary ones which are driven by marginally relevant operators breaking completely supersymmetry, and the enriched RG flows determined by partially supersymmetry preserving deformations. We also consider the interpolation of latitude Wilson loops and cusped Wilson lines. Using them, we are able to define a function interpolating between the 1/6 BPS and the 1/2 BPS ABJM Bremsstrahlung function. For all the Wilson loops we also investigate the defect field theory interpretation, giving an explicit realization of the g-theorem for one-dimensional defects. Finally, we provide a genuine two-loop perturbative computation of the 1/2 BPS fermionic Wilson loops at any framing, solving the problem of defining a consistent way to compute fermionic diagrams at generic framing. This should lead to a better understanding of localization and AdS/CFT correspondence. In particular, the role of framing in the RG flows mentioned above will be the topic of an upcoming paper.

Uno dei principali problemi aperti della fisica teorica è la classificazione e soluzione delle teorie di campo quantistiche rilevanti per la descrizione di processi ad alta energia e per modellare sistemi di materia condensata. Quando sono presenti simmetrie addizionali, come la supersimmetria o la simmetria conforme, queste possono anche avere una descrizione duale nei termini di teorie di stringhe perturbative in spaziotempo di Anti de Sitter, nota come corrispondenza AdS/CFT. La teoria ABJ(M) è un modello di Chern-Simons-materia tridimensionale $N=6$ superconforme che si ritiene essere duale alla teoria M in AdS_4 x S^7 /Z_k or, in uno specifico limite, ad una teoria di stringa di tipo IIA in AdS_4 x CP^3. Questa teoria ha un ricco moduli space di Wilson loop BPS che preservono una certa frazione di supercariche della teoria. In letteratura, i rappresetativi più noti sono i Wilson loop circolari 1/6 BPS bosonico e 1/2 BPS fermionico. Questi operatori possono essere calcolati nel regime di accoppiamento debole e forte usando la teoria perturbativa ordinaria, la corrispondenza AdS/CFT, la localizzazione supersimmetrica e metodi di integrabilità. Utilizzando un metodo ausiliario monodimensionale studiamo il comportamento ultravioletto di un nuovo Wilson loop circolare 1/24 BPS, definito accendendo delle deformazioni rilevanti marginali nel ben noto Wilson loop 1/6 BPS. Questi sono i più generali e meno supersimmetrici Wilson loop BPS che possono essere definiti in ABJ(M). Mostriamo come gli operatori già noti in ABJ(M) non sono altro che i punti fissi di un'intricata rete di flussi del gruppo di rinormalizzazione. Nel calcolo includiamo sia operatori circolari supersimettrici e non supersimmetrici. I flussi RG che troviamo vengono divisi in due gruppi. I flussi ordinari sono quelli guidati da operatori marginali rilevanti che rompono completamente la supersimmetria mentre quelli enriched sono determinati da deformazioni che preservano parzialmente la supersimmetria. Consideriamo anche l'interpolazione di Wilson loop a latitudine non nulla e Wilson line con un punto di cuspide. Utilizzando questi operatori siamo in grado di definire una funzione che interpola tra la funzione di Bremsstrahlung 1/6 BPS e 1/2 BPS. Per tutti i Wilson loop che studiamo investighiamo anche l'interpretazione come teoria di difetto, dando un'esplicita realizzazione del teorema g per difetti monodimensionali. In fine presentiamo un calcolo perturbativo a due loop dei Wilson loop fermionici 1/2 BPS ad ogni framing, risolvendo il problema di definire un metodo consistente per calcolare i diagrammi fermionici a framing generico. Questo dovrebbe portare ad una migliore comprensione della localizzazione e della corrispondenza AdS/CFT. In particolare, il ruolo del framing nei flussi RG menzionati in precedenza sarà argomento di un prossimo articolo.

(2025). Quantum properties of Wilson loops in ABJ(M) theory. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).

Quantum properties of Wilson loops in ABJ(M) theory

CASTIGLIONI, LUIGI
2025

Abstract

One of the main open problems in theoretical physics is the classification and solution of quantum field theories relevant for describing high energy processes and for modeling condensed matter systems. When additional symmetries are present, in particular supersymmetry and conformal symmetry, they may also have a strong coupling dual description in terms of a perturbative string theory in Anti de Sitter spacetime, known as AdS/CFT correspondence. ABJ(M) theory is a three-dimensional N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter model which is conjectured to be dual to M-theory in AdS_4 x S^7 / Z_k or, in a specific limit, to type IIA string theory in AdS_4 x CP^3. This theory shows a rich moduli space of BPS Wilson loops preserving a certain fraction of the theory supercharges. In literature, the most known representatives are the circular 1/6 BPS bosonic and the 1/2 BPS fermionic Wilson loops. These operators are amenable of evaluation at weak and strong coupling using ordinary perturbation theory, AdS/CFT correspondence, supersymmetric localization and integrability techniques. We apply a one-dimensional auxiliary method to study the UV behavior of new circular 1/24 BPS operators, defined by turning on marginally relevant deformations in the well known 1/6 BPS Wilson loop. These are the most general and less supersymmetric BPS Wilson loops that can be defined in ABJ(M) theory. We find that the already known operators in ABJ(M) are fixed points of an intricate net of RG flows. We include in the computation both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric operators on the circle. We classify the RG flows in two main sets. The ordinary ones which are driven by marginally relevant operators breaking completely supersymmetry, and the enriched RG flows determined by partially supersymmetry preserving deformations. We also consider the interpolation of latitude Wilson loops and cusped Wilson lines. Using them, we are able to define a function interpolating between the 1/6 BPS and the 1/2 BPS ABJM Bremsstrahlung function. For all the Wilson loops we also investigate the defect field theory interpretation, giving an explicit realization of the g-theorem for one-dimensional defects. Finally, we provide a genuine two-loop perturbative computation of the 1/2 BPS fermionic Wilson loops at any framing, solving the problem of defining a consistent way to compute fermionic diagrams at generic framing. This should lead to a better understanding of localization and AdS/CFT correspondence. In particular, the role of framing in the RG flows mentioned above will be the topic of an upcoming paper.
PENATI, SILVIA
Wilson loop; AdS/CFT; RG flow; framing; ABJM
Wilson loop; AdS/CFT; RG flow; framing; ABJM
FIS/02 - FISICA TEORICA, MODELLI E METODI MATEMATICI
English
27-gen-2025
37
2023/2024
open
(2025). Quantum properties of Wilson loops in ABJ(M) theory. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/538362
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