The aim of this thesis is to analyse the discriminatory phenomenon that arises from the use of artificial intelligence algorithms. The topic is relevant in the broader context of sustainable development; it also represents a crucial point in the regulation of artificial intelligence. It should be noted, however, that it is not developed in the recent Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the so-called A.I. Act), which delegates to the Member States the regulation of compensation for damage caused by AI systems. In Italy, the general discipline based on the fault as provided by the Civil Code is inadequate and it does not allow the protection of those injured by the use of more autonomous AI systems. The attention of the doctrine therefore shifts to the strict liability regime provided for defective products, also taking into account the two harmonising directives on point, proposed by the European institutions in 2022. In the meantime, the Member States are looking at foreign experience. This study therefore proposes an in-depth analysis of the Emirati legal system, which is of extreme interest both in the race for the coveted world leadership in the AI sector and from a comparative perspective, given the peculiarities and systematic complexity resulting from the proliferation of productive sources of law.
La tesi si propone di analizzare il fenomeno discriminatorio originato dall’utilizzo degli algoritmi di intelligenza artificiale. Il tema, oltre a rilevare nel più ampio contesto dello sviluppo sostenibile, rappresenta uno snodo cruciale nella regolazione dell’intelligenza artificiale. Si evidenzia tuttavia che non viene sviluppato nel recente Regolamento (UE) 2024/1689 (c.d. A.I. Act), il quale demanda agli Stati membri la disciplina della riparazione dei danni cagionati dai sistemi I.A. In Italia, in particolare, viene messa in evidenza l’inadeguatezza della disciplina codicistica generale che, imperniata sulla colpa, non consente di tutelare i danneggiati dall’impiego dei sistemi I.A. più autonomi. L’attenzione della dottrina si sposta pertanto sulla responsabilità oggettiva da prodotto difettoso, anche in considerazione delle due direttive di armonizzazione in tema proposte dalle istituzioni europee nel 2022. In pendenza di approvazione, gli Stati membri guardano alle esperienze estere. Il presente studio propone pertanto un approfondimento sul sistema giuridico emiratino, di interesse estremo sia per la corsa all’ambita leadership mondiale nel settore I.A., sia, in ottica comparatistica, in considerazione della peculiarità e complessità sistematica dovuta alla proliferazione di fonti produttive del diritto.
(2025). Discriminazione algoritmica e responsabilità civile: analisi comparata tra Italia e Emirati Arabi Uniti. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2025).
Discriminazione algoritmica e responsabilità civile: analisi comparata tra Italia e Emirati Arabi Uniti
KRAIEM, NESRINE
2025
Abstract
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the discriminatory phenomenon that arises from the use of artificial intelligence algorithms. The topic is relevant in the broader context of sustainable development; it also represents a crucial point in the regulation of artificial intelligence. It should be noted, however, that it is not developed in the recent Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the so-called A.I. Act), which delegates to the Member States the regulation of compensation for damage caused by AI systems. In Italy, the general discipline based on the fault as provided by the Civil Code is inadequate and it does not allow the protection of those injured by the use of more autonomous AI systems. The attention of the doctrine therefore shifts to the strict liability regime provided for defective products, also taking into account the two harmonising directives on point, proposed by the European institutions in 2022. In the meantime, the Member States are looking at foreign experience. This study therefore proposes an in-depth analysis of the Emirati legal system, which is of extreme interest both in the race for the coveted world leadership in the AI sector and from a comparative perspective, given the peculiarities and systematic complexity resulting from the proliferation of productive sources of law.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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phd_unimib_790659.pdf
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