Ripensando la tassonomia degli atti del Presidente della Repubblica, tra attualità e possibili revisioni costituzionali

The article criticizes the traditional distinction of presidential acts (based on the misalignment between form and substance) and proposes a new distinction among discretionary, binding and strictly personal acts: the first ones being the expression of the typical functions of the Head of State (defence of the Constitution, neutrality towards political direction and institutional counterbalance); the second ones being the expression of the government’s political direction; the latter not requiring any countersignature.