Mass violence appears to be a defining characteristic of our time, causing deaths, enforced disappearances, deportations, and severe individual and collective trauma. Its devastating social impact does not cease with the end of armed conflicts, aggression, and oppressive regimes; instead, mass violence compels deeply fractured societies to devise strategies for dealing with the past and move forward. In this context, transitional justice plays a crucial role, involving processes and mechanisms to establish accountability for crimes, encourage reconciliation, and drive social change. More in detail, transitional justice goes beyond promoting negative peace – the absence of direct violence – to fostering positive peace – the absence of structural violence. This requires a thorough understanding of the social dynamics that led to the conflict and, even before that, a careful examination of mass violence in its relation to the social structure and cultural system. Building on this foundation, the dissertation delves into the concept of “structural violence,” by examining key theoretical perspectives on social structure and power conceived in relational terms. Subsequently, it outlines the crucial traits of transitional justice interventions capable of successfully dismantling structural violence and promoting social transformation. Within this framework, particular emphasis is placed on ensuring active participation in peacebuilding processes not only of victims and civil society but also of perpetrators, who are often marginalized in their roles. To support this assertion, qualitative research findings are presented, focusing on the role of the ‘dissociation movement’ in countering Italian terrorism during the 1980s and its contribution to fostering a more just and peaceful society. Specifically, the research includes three semi-structured interviews conducted with former leftist terrorists. Thus, this dissertation enriches the domain of transitional justice studies by advancing criminological understanding that incorporates structural violence, power dynamics, and the potential contributions of former offenders to processes of social pacification. Additionally, it introduces a conceptual framework that enables a macro-level analysis of mass violence, paving the way for new avenues of research into the study of violence.
La violenza di massa caratterizza l’epoca in cui viviamo, provocando morti, sparizioni forzate, deportazioni e gravi traumi individuali e collettivi. Il suo devastante impatto sociale non si esaurisce quando i conflitti armati, le aggressioni e i regimi oppressivi cessano: la violenza di massa costringe società profondamente lacerate a ideare strategie per fare i conti con il passato e guardare al futuro. In questo le assiste la giustizia di transizione, da intendersi come un insieme di processi e meccanismi volti ad accertare le responsabilità per i crimini occorsi e a promuovere la riconciliazione, la pacificazione e il cambiamento sociale. Più precisamente, la giustizia di transizione è chiamata a incentivare non solo la pace negativa, ovvero l’assenza di violenza diretta, ma anche la pace positiva, ossia l’assenza di violenza strutturale. Ciò implica la necessità di approfondire le dinamiche sociali che hanno portato al conflitto e, ancor prima, di comprendere il fenomeno della violenza collettiva nelle sue relazioni con la struttura sociale e con il sistema culturale. A partire da queste premesse, la tesi di dottorato esamina la nozione di violenza strutturale considerando le principali prospettive teoriche in tema di struttura sociale e di potere concepito in termini relazionali. In un successivo momento, delinea le caratteristiche che dovrebbero presentare gli interventi della giustizia di transizione per riuscire a destrutturare la violenza strutturale e promuovere la trasformazione sociale. In questo quadro, particolare attenzione è riservata alla necessità di assicurare la partecipazione attiva nei processi di pacificazione non solo alle vittime e alla società civile, ma anche ai perpetratori, spesso relegati a un ruolo marginale. A sostegno di ciò, sono presentati i risultati di una ricerca qualitativa relativa al ruolo che il ‘movimento della dissociazione’ ha svolto negli anni ’80 del secolo scorso nel contrasto al terrorismo italiano, nonché nella promozione di una società più giusta e pacifica. In tal modo, la tesi contribuisce all’avanzamento degli studi sulla giustizia di transizione attraverso lo sviluppo di un sapere criminologico sensibile al tema della violenza strutturale, delle relazioni di potere e del ruolo che gli ex perpetratori possono svolgere nei processi di pacificazione sociale. Inoltre, propone un apparato concettuale che consente di guardare alla violenza di massa in prospettiva macrosociologica, aprendo le porte a nuovi approcci di ricerca sul fenomeno violento.
(2024). Rethinking transitional justice through the lens of structural violence. Toward a new model of intervention for post-conflict societies.. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2024).
Rethinking transitional justice through the lens of structural violence. Toward a new model of intervention for post-conflict societies.
CHISARI, CHIARA
2024
Abstract
Mass violence appears to be a defining characteristic of our time, causing deaths, enforced disappearances, deportations, and severe individual and collective trauma. Its devastating social impact does not cease with the end of armed conflicts, aggression, and oppressive regimes; instead, mass violence compels deeply fractured societies to devise strategies for dealing with the past and move forward. In this context, transitional justice plays a crucial role, involving processes and mechanisms to establish accountability for crimes, encourage reconciliation, and drive social change. More in detail, transitional justice goes beyond promoting negative peace – the absence of direct violence – to fostering positive peace – the absence of structural violence. This requires a thorough understanding of the social dynamics that led to the conflict and, even before that, a careful examination of mass violence in its relation to the social structure and cultural system. Building on this foundation, the dissertation delves into the concept of “structural violence,” by examining key theoretical perspectives on social structure and power conceived in relational terms. Subsequently, it outlines the crucial traits of transitional justice interventions capable of successfully dismantling structural violence and promoting social transformation. Within this framework, particular emphasis is placed on ensuring active participation in peacebuilding processes not only of victims and civil society but also of perpetrators, who are often marginalized in their roles. To support this assertion, qualitative research findings are presented, focusing on the role of the ‘dissociation movement’ in countering Italian terrorism during the 1980s and its contribution to fostering a more just and peaceful society. Specifically, the research includes three semi-structured interviews conducted with former leftist terrorists. Thus, this dissertation enriches the domain of transitional justice studies by advancing criminological understanding that incorporates structural violence, power dynamics, and the potential contributions of former offenders to processes of social pacification. Additionally, it introduces a conceptual framework that enables a macro-level analysis of mass violence, paving the way for new avenues of research into the study of violence.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Tesi Chisari
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Doctoral thesis
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