Home education, a form of educational provision in which parents or guardians take on the responsibility of instructing their children, has experienced a significant rise in popularity, also catalysed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite the marked increase in the home-educated population, scholarly attention in the Italian context remains limited thus far. This thesis reports on a research project conducted within the framework of a doctoral programme in Education spanning November 2020 to January 2024. The research design employs a qualitatively driven mixed-methods approach to explore this parental choice in Italy, where it is referred to as “istruzione parentale”. It integrates online and offline ethnographic fieldwork, semi-structured interviews (n=25 participants), and surveys with home-educating parents across the country (n=91) and key informants (n=50). By combining emic and etic standpoints, the study explored the prevailing parental motivations, the patterns in their reported experiences, and the diverse conceptualisations of home education in post-pandemic Italy. The description of findings delves into the dimensions of “becoming”, “being”, and “belonging” as a home-educator in Italy. The key findings support the claim that home education is not a monolithic entity but a complex, shifting, and hence elusive phenomenon. Parental motivations to home-educate are diverse, multifaceted, and often overlapping, among which pedagogical, social, family-based, and pandemic-related rationales emerged as prevailing. Participants underscored the perceived shortcomings of mainstream schooling, while emphasising the positive affordances of home education. Moreover, the pandemic experience acted as a catalyst for many families, pushing them to the decision. Diverse arrangements of “istruzione parentale” coexist in Italy, spanning a continuum from parent-led practices to collective initiatives overseen by delegated professionals. Furthermore, participants reported a variety of pedagogical and instructional approaches. Many home-educators involved in the study did not adhere to a specific pedagogic method but drew inspiration from various sources, with Montessori and Steiner proving notably influential. In addition, most families reported opting for a “semi-structured” approach, emphasising flexibility in both instructional scheduling and design. Beyond identifying the main trends, a notable intra-group diversity in motivations, perspectives, and practices was observed within the home-education population. This was mirrored in the linguistic ambiguity surrounding emic home-education vocabularies: multiple conceptualisations of home education intersect and sometimes diverge, contributing to contrastive identity-formation processes within their communities. At the meso level, a prevailing narrative has conveyed the core identity elements of the ideal home-educator: a deliberate and pedagogical motivation to home-educate, a deschooled mindset, and the centrality of parents’ responsibility. These identity traits constitute a benchmark against which all parents navigate, perceive, and define themselves, each with varying degrees of alignment and sense of belonging. Overall, the study has unveiled that home education in Italy is a fluid, dynamic, and evolving phenomenon, wherein the conceptualisation of the practice itself is consistently negotiated within home-education communities. In conclusion, this research contributes to the understudied field of home education by providing an empirical contribution to the phenomenon within the Italian context, with broader theoretical implications on the conceptualisation of the research object. Potential implications for policy, practice, and further research avenues are also addressed.
L'istruzione parentale, una modalità di assolvimento dell’obbligo di istruzione in cui i genitori o tutori legali si prendono in carico la formazione dei propri figli, ha riscontrato un notevole aumento di interesse, in particolare a seguito della pandemia da Covid-19. Nonostante l’evidente crescita del fenomeno, l’attenzione dei ricercatori risulta per ora limitata nel contesto italiano. La tesi si basa su un progetto condotto nell’ambito di un dottorato in Educazione, nel periodo compreso tra novembre 2020 e gennaio 2024. Un approccio a metodi misti a priorità qualitativa viene adottato per esplorare la scelta genitoriale dell’istruzione parentale in Italia, attraverso osservazioni etnografiche, interviste semi-strutturate (n=25 partecipanti) e questionari rivolti a genitori (n=91) e a informatori privilegiati (n=50). Integrando prospettive emiche ed etiche, lo studio ha indagato le principali motivazioni dei genitori, gli aspetti ricorrenti nelle narrazioni delle loro esperienze, e le diverse concettualizzazioni dell’istruzione parentale nell’Italia post-pandemia. La restituzione dei risultati approfondisce aspetti relativi a “divenire”, “essere” e “appartenere” come 'home-educator' in Italia. I risultati principali della ricerca confermano che l’istruzione parentale non è un’entità omogenea, bensì un fenomeno complesso, in costante cambiamento, e dunque sfuggente. Le motivazioni genitoriali sono diverse, sfaccettate e spesso molteplici, tra cui spiccano motivi di natura pedagogica e sociale, questioni legate al vivere e concepire la famiglia, nonché alla contingenza pandemica. I partecipanti hanno messo in luce le criticità che attribuiscono ai contesti scolastici tradizionali, enfatizzando al contempo gli aspetti intrinsecamente positivi che associano all’istruzione parentale. Per molte famiglie, inoltre l’esperienza pandemica ha agito come catalizzatore, spingendoli a questa decisione. In Italia coesistono attualmente diverse forme di istruzione parentale che si distribuiscono su un continuum da pratiche gestite individualmente dai genitori a iniziative collettive supervisionate da professionisti delegati. Inoltre, i partecipanti hanno segnalato una varietà di approcci pedagogici e didattici: molti hanno raccontato di non aderire a un metodo pedagogico specifico, bensì di trarre tratto ispirazione da diverse fonti, tra cui Montessori e Steiner. Inoltre, la maggior parte delle famiglie ha dichiarato di preferire un approccio “semi-strutturato”, ovvero una gestione flessibile della progettazione e programmazione della didattica. Oltre agli aspetti più ricorrenti, si osserva una notevole diversità intra-gruppo nelle motivazioni, prospettive e pratiche all'interno della popolazione in istruzione parentale. Emblema di tale eterogeneità è l’ambigua terminologia emica riguardante l’istruzione parentale: molteplici concettualizzazioni dell’istruzione parentale si intersecano e talvolta divergono, contribuendo a processi di formazione contrastiva dell'identità all'interno delle loro community. A livello meso, una narrazione predominante veicola gli elementi centrali dell'identità ideale del genitore 'homeschooler', un modello con cui tutti i genitori si confrontano e si definiscono, ognuno con gradi variabili di allineamento e senso di appartenenza. Nel complesso, emerge che l’istruzione parentale in Italia è un fenomeno fluido, dinamico e in cambiamento, in cui la concettualizzazione di questa stessa pratica viene costantemente negoziata all'interno delle relative comunità. In conclusione, questa ricerca contribuisce a un ambito di ricerca ancora poco esplorato, fornendo un contributo empirico sul fenomeno nel contesto italiano, con più ampie implicazioni di natura teorica sulla concettualizzazione dell'oggetto di ricerca. Vengono infine discusse le possibili implicazioni per le policy e la pratica, nonché ulteriori orizzonti di ricerca.
(2024). Istruzione Parentale: A Culturally Situated Study of Home Education in Italy. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2024).
Istruzione Parentale: A Culturally Situated Study of Home Education in Italy
CHINAZZI, ANNA
2024
Abstract
Home education, a form of educational provision in which parents or guardians take on the responsibility of instructing their children, has experienced a significant rise in popularity, also catalysed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite the marked increase in the home-educated population, scholarly attention in the Italian context remains limited thus far. This thesis reports on a research project conducted within the framework of a doctoral programme in Education spanning November 2020 to January 2024. The research design employs a qualitatively driven mixed-methods approach to explore this parental choice in Italy, where it is referred to as “istruzione parentale”. It integrates online and offline ethnographic fieldwork, semi-structured interviews (n=25 participants), and surveys with home-educating parents across the country (n=91) and key informants (n=50). By combining emic and etic standpoints, the study explored the prevailing parental motivations, the patterns in their reported experiences, and the diverse conceptualisations of home education in post-pandemic Italy. The description of findings delves into the dimensions of “becoming”, “being”, and “belonging” as a home-educator in Italy. The key findings support the claim that home education is not a monolithic entity but a complex, shifting, and hence elusive phenomenon. Parental motivations to home-educate are diverse, multifaceted, and often overlapping, among which pedagogical, social, family-based, and pandemic-related rationales emerged as prevailing. Participants underscored the perceived shortcomings of mainstream schooling, while emphasising the positive affordances of home education. Moreover, the pandemic experience acted as a catalyst for many families, pushing them to the decision. Diverse arrangements of “istruzione parentale” coexist in Italy, spanning a continuum from parent-led practices to collective initiatives overseen by delegated professionals. Furthermore, participants reported a variety of pedagogical and instructional approaches. Many home-educators involved in the study did not adhere to a specific pedagogic method but drew inspiration from various sources, with Montessori and Steiner proving notably influential. In addition, most families reported opting for a “semi-structured” approach, emphasising flexibility in both instructional scheduling and design. Beyond identifying the main trends, a notable intra-group diversity in motivations, perspectives, and practices was observed within the home-education population. This was mirrored in the linguistic ambiguity surrounding emic home-education vocabularies: multiple conceptualisations of home education intersect and sometimes diverge, contributing to contrastive identity-formation processes within their communities. At the meso level, a prevailing narrative has conveyed the core identity elements of the ideal home-educator: a deliberate and pedagogical motivation to home-educate, a deschooled mindset, and the centrality of parents’ responsibility. These identity traits constitute a benchmark against which all parents navigate, perceive, and define themselves, each with varying degrees of alignment and sense of belonging. Overall, the study has unveiled that home education in Italy is a fluid, dynamic, and evolving phenomenon, wherein the conceptualisation of the practice itself is consistently negotiated within home-education communities. In conclusion, this research contributes to the understudied field of home education by providing an empirical contribution to the phenomenon within the Italian context, with broader theoretical implications on the conceptualisation of the research object. Potential implications for policy, practice, and further research avenues are also addressed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Istruzione Parentale: A Culturally Situated Study of Home Education
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