Through an ethnographic investigation, this thesis intends to examine the representations, practices and experiences inherent to the experience of pain and the end of life in a particular biomedical field and space: an Italian hospice. An analysis of the thanatological literature, of the anthropology of pain and a partial historical reconstruction of the processes of medicalisation and hospitalisation allows to detect the constitution of a dimension of removal, concealment and marginalisation inherent to the experiences of end of life and chronic suffering in biomedical settings. It also detects the anthropological difficulty of interacting with and defining the events of pain and death. Events which are capable of undermining the categories given within a society and leading to a fracture in the relationship with oneself, the lived body, and the inhabited space. The main question guiding this text is how much and whether such references are effective in accounting for the communicative strategies, practices and experiences that occur within the hospice. In the second part of the text, I analyse the particular space of the hospice, how it is organised and experienced on the one hand by professionals who work there, and on the other by residents and visitors who find themselves living there. I try to highlight, from the accounts of my interlocutors, the peculiarities and specificities of the hospice compared to other places where biomedical knowledge is exercised, such as clinics and hospitals. The centrality given to the communicative and relational component in the work and experiences in the hospice suggests to consider the strongly multi-relational and multi-professional character of the space and the dynamics of interdependence that are constituted in it. The desire of the staff to share with the society the knowledge of palliative care and the relationship with the end-of-life experience promoted by it, has led me, in the last part of this thesis, to draw a comparison with other contemporary phenomena and movements that likewise offer ways of collectively reflecting on the relationship with death. The analyses of these realities, however, also allows to point out the constantly oscillating, liminal and evolving nature of the relationship with the end of life and suffering, as well as the biographical, social and cultural peculiarities of each experience. Starting from the relevance assumed by the social and relational dimension in the hospice space, as well as the challenges induced in the patients in their constitution of identity, I question the very concept of person and its changings in contact with experiences such as old age, illness, pain and the end of life. I eventually propose, in order to account for the experiences of my interlocutors, the assumption of a conception of the person as an interdependent entity which maintains within itself components of self-determination and independence as much as of dependence and fragility.
Attraverso un’indagine etnografica, la tesi intende esaminare le rappresentazioni, le pratiche e i vissuti inerenti alle esperienze del dolore e del fine vita in un particolare spazio biomedico, quello di un hospice italiano. Una disanima della letteratura tanatologica, dell’antropologia del dolore e una parziale ricostruzione storica dei processi di ospedalizzazione e medicalizzazione permette di rilevare il costituirsi di una dimensione di rimozione, occultamento e marginalizzazione rispetto al rapporto intrattenuto dalla scienza biomedica con le esperienze del fine vita e della sofferenza cronica. Rileva altresì, la fatica antropologica di lambire e definire gli eventi del dolore e della morte, capaci di mettere in crisi i sistemi rappresentazionali e categoriali dati all’interno di una società e di portare a una frattura nel rapporto intrattenuto con il proprio sé, il corpo vissuto e lo spazio abitato. La domanda principale che guida il testo è quanto e se tali riferimenti siano efficaci per rendere conto delle strategie comunicative, delle pratiche e delle esperienze che accadono e si strutturano all’interno dell’hospice. Nella seconda parte della tesi, analizzo la struttura dell’hospice, come essa è organizzata e vissuta da un lato dai professionisti che ci lavorano, dall’altro dai residenti e dai visitatori che si trovano ad abitarla. Provo a mettere in risalto, a partire dai resoconti dei miei interlocutori, le peculiarità e le specificità dell’hospice rispetto ad altri luoghi in cui è esercitato il sapere biomedico, quali cliniche e ospedali, e la specificità delle cure palliative in esso esercitate. La centralità data alla componente comunicativa e relazionale nel lavoro e nelle esperienze in hospice, suggeriscono di considerare il carattere fortemente multirelazionale e multiprofessionale di questo spazio e le dinamiche di interdipendenza che in esso si costituiscono. La volontà dei professionisti dell’hospice di far conoscere le cure palliative e il loro rapportarsi all’esperienza del fine vita, conduce, nell’ultima parte dell’elaborato, al confronto con altri fenomeni e movimenti e contemporanei che ugualmente offrono modalità per riflettere collettivamente sul rapporto intrattenuto con la morte, il lutto e il dolore. La disanima di tali realtà mi permette tuttavia anche di rilevare il carattere costantemente oscillante, liminale e in divenire della relazione con il fine vita e la sofferenza, nonché le peculiarità biografiche, sociali e culturali di ogni esperienza. A partire dall’importanza assunta dalla dimensione sociale e relazionale nello spazio dell’hospice, nonché dalle sfide indotte nelle persone ricoverate nella loro costituzione identitaria, mi interrogo sulla stessa concezione di persona e il significato da essa assunta in relazione a esperienze quali la vecchiaia, la malattia, il dolore e il fine vita. Propongo, infine, per rendere conto dei vissuti dei miei interlocutori, l’assunzione di una concezione della persona come entità interdipendente che mantiene al suo interno componenti di autodeterminazione e indipendenza quanto di dipendenza e fragilità.
(2024). Vite liminali. Traiettorie teoriche e pratiche intorno allo spazio dell'hospice. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2024).
Vite liminali. Traiettorie teoriche e pratiche intorno allo spazio dell'hospice
GEROSA, SOFIA
2024
Abstract
Through an ethnographic investigation, this thesis intends to examine the representations, practices and experiences inherent to the experience of pain and the end of life in a particular biomedical field and space: an Italian hospice. An analysis of the thanatological literature, of the anthropology of pain and a partial historical reconstruction of the processes of medicalisation and hospitalisation allows to detect the constitution of a dimension of removal, concealment and marginalisation inherent to the experiences of end of life and chronic suffering in biomedical settings. It also detects the anthropological difficulty of interacting with and defining the events of pain and death. Events which are capable of undermining the categories given within a society and leading to a fracture in the relationship with oneself, the lived body, and the inhabited space. The main question guiding this text is how much and whether such references are effective in accounting for the communicative strategies, practices and experiences that occur within the hospice. In the second part of the text, I analyse the particular space of the hospice, how it is organised and experienced on the one hand by professionals who work there, and on the other by residents and visitors who find themselves living there. I try to highlight, from the accounts of my interlocutors, the peculiarities and specificities of the hospice compared to other places where biomedical knowledge is exercised, such as clinics and hospitals. The centrality given to the communicative and relational component in the work and experiences in the hospice suggests to consider the strongly multi-relational and multi-professional character of the space and the dynamics of interdependence that are constituted in it. The desire of the staff to share with the society the knowledge of palliative care and the relationship with the end-of-life experience promoted by it, has led me, in the last part of this thesis, to draw a comparison with other contemporary phenomena and movements that likewise offer ways of collectively reflecting on the relationship with death. The analyses of these realities, however, also allows to point out the constantly oscillating, liminal and evolving nature of the relationship with the end of life and suffering, as well as the biographical, social and cultural peculiarities of each experience. Starting from the relevance assumed by the social and relational dimension in the hospice space, as well as the challenges induced in the patients in their constitution of identity, I question the very concept of person and its changings in contact with experiences such as old age, illness, pain and the end of life. I eventually propose, in order to account for the experiences of my interlocutors, the assumption of a conception of the person as an interdependent entity which maintains within itself components of self-determination and independence as much as of dependence and fragility.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Tesi di Gerosa Sofia - 832476
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Doctoral thesis
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