Multidimensional Oncological Frailty Scale (MOFS): A New Quick-To-Use Tool for Detecting Frailty and Stratifying Risk in Older Patients with Cancer—Development and Validation Pilot Study

Background: Frailty detection with comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is of pivotal importance in older patients with cancer to avoid over- or under-treatment and to detect those at increased risk for poor outcomes. Several tools have been developed to capture the complexity of frailty, but only a few were explicitly conceived for older adults with cancer. The study aimed at developing and validating a multidimensional, easy-to-use diagnostic tool for early-risk stratification in patients with cancer, called the Multidimensional Oncological Frailty Scale (MOFS). Methods: In this single-center prospective study, we consecutively enrolled 163 older women (age ≥ 75 years) with breast cancer, screened with a G8 score ≤ 14 during the outpatient preoperative evaluation at our breast centre, as the development cohort. Seventy patients with different types of cancer admitted to our OncoGeriatric Clinic served as the validation cohort. Using stepwise linear regression analysis, we evaluated the relationship between Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) and CGA items, and, finally, realized a screening tool based on the combination of the significant variables. Results: The mean age of the study population was 80.4 ± 5.8 years, while the mean age of the validation cohort was 78.6 ± 6.6 years [42 women (60%)]. A composite model of the Clinical Frailty Scale, G8, and hand grip strength test showed a strong correlation with MPI (R= −0.712, p < 0.001). The MOFS accuracy in the prediction of mortality was optimal in both the development and the validation cohorts (AUC 0.82 and 0.87; p < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: MOFS represents a new, accurate, quick-to-use frailty screening tool for stratifying the risk of mortality in geriatric cancer patients.