We have recently identified a novel function for LINE1 transposable elements in regulating human CD4+ T cell quiescence and exhaustion. We found that LINE1 elements are transcribed and included in novel exons of splicing variants of CD4+ T cell activation genes, hereafter defined LINE1-transcripts. Interestingly, these transcripts are expressed in naïve CD4+ T cells, but are rapidly downregulated following cell activation. Together with KAP1 and NUCLEOLIN, LINE1-transcripts form a regulatory complex, indicated as LINE1-transcript/KAP1/NUCLEOLIN complex (L1TXC), that appears to enforce cell quiescence, influencing the expression of various target genes, including those from which LINE1-transcripts are originally transcribed. We hypothesize that the L1TXC exerts an intricate regulatory mechanism to preserve cell quiescence, possibly shaping the nuclear topology of quiescent naïve CD4+ T cells. Here, we are exploiting a multi-omics computational strategy to get an integrated view of how this complex regulates the chromatin organization of the quiescent state in naïve CD4+ T cells. Our workflow can be divided into three main parts: (1) first, we intend to identify the genomic sites directly occupied by the L1TXC; (2) afterwards, we expect to define what regions are found in spatial proximity with the L1TXC-sites; (3) to conclude, we propose to perform a multidimensional characterization of these regions, surveying their biological functions, as well as their epigenetic environment and relationships with the overall nuclear topology. Our work is expected to shed light on a still uncharacterized mechanism, providing novel general principles of genome organization and describing how LINE1 elements and L1TXC regulate the epigenome of human CD4+ T lymphocytes to sustain cell quiescence.
Abbiamo recentemente identificato una nuova funzione degli elementi trasponibili LINE1 nella regolazione della quiescenza e dell'esaurimento delle cellule CD4+ umane. Abbiamo scoperto che gli elementi LINE1 vengono trascritti e inclusi in nuovi esoni di varianti di splicing di geni di attivazione delle cellule CD4+, qui definiti come trascritti LINE1. È interessante notare che questi trascritti sono espressi nelle cellule CD4+ naive, ma vengono rapidamente down-regolati dopo l'attivazione cellulare. Insieme a KAP1 e NUCLEOLINA, i trascritti LINE1 formano un complesso regolatorio, indicato come complesso LINE1-trascritto/KAP1/NUCLEOLINA (L1TXC), che sembra imporre la quiescenza cellulare, influenzando l'espressione di vari geni bersaglio, compresi quelli dai quali i trascritti LINE1 sono originariamente trascritti. Ipotizziamo che il L1TXC eserciti un meccanismo regolatorio complesso per preservare la quiescenza cellulare, influenzando possibilmente la topologia nucleare delle cellule CD4+ naive in quiescenza. Qui, stiamo sfruttando una strategia computazionale di multi-omici per ottenere una visione integrata di come questo complesso regoli l'organizzazione della cromatina dello stato quiescente nelle cellule CD4+ naive. Il nostro workflow può essere suddiviso in tre parti principali: (1) innanzitutto, intendiamo identificare i siti genomici direttamente occupati dal L1TXC; (2) in seguito, ci aspettiamo di definire quali regioni si trovino in prossimità spaziale con i siti L1TXC; (3) infine, proponiamo di effettuare una caratterizzazione multidimensionale di queste regioni, esaminando le loro funzioni biologiche, così come il loro ambiente epigenetico e le relazioni con la topologia nucleare complessiva. Il nostro lavoro è destinato a far luce su un meccanismo ancora non caratterizzato, fornendo nuovi principi generali dell'organizzazione del genoma e descrivendo come gli elementi LINE1 e il L1TXC regolino l'epigenoma dei linfociti T CD4+ umani per sostenere la quiescenza cellulare.
(2024). UNVEILING THE CHROMATIN ORGANIZATION MEDIATED BY LINE1 ELEMENTS IN HUMAN T CELL QUIESCENCE. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2024).
UNVEILING THE CHROMATIN ORGANIZATION MEDIATED BY LINE1 ELEMENTS IN HUMAN T CELL QUIESCENCE
SALVIATI, LORENZO
2024
Abstract
We have recently identified a novel function for LINE1 transposable elements in regulating human CD4+ T cell quiescence and exhaustion. We found that LINE1 elements are transcribed and included in novel exons of splicing variants of CD4+ T cell activation genes, hereafter defined LINE1-transcripts. Interestingly, these transcripts are expressed in naïve CD4+ T cells, but are rapidly downregulated following cell activation. Together with KAP1 and NUCLEOLIN, LINE1-transcripts form a regulatory complex, indicated as LINE1-transcript/KAP1/NUCLEOLIN complex (L1TXC), that appears to enforce cell quiescence, influencing the expression of various target genes, including those from which LINE1-transcripts are originally transcribed. We hypothesize that the L1TXC exerts an intricate regulatory mechanism to preserve cell quiescence, possibly shaping the nuclear topology of quiescent naïve CD4+ T cells. Here, we are exploiting a multi-omics computational strategy to get an integrated view of how this complex regulates the chromatin organization of the quiescent state in naïve CD4+ T cells. Our workflow can be divided into three main parts: (1) first, we intend to identify the genomic sites directly occupied by the L1TXC; (2) afterwards, we expect to define what regions are found in spatial proximity with the L1TXC-sites; (3) to conclude, we propose to perform a multidimensional characterization of these regions, surveying their biological functions, as well as their epigenetic environment and relationships with the overall nuclear topology. Our work is expected to shed light on a still uncharacterized mechanism, providing novel general principles of genome organization and describing how LINE1 elements and L1TXC regulate the epigenome of human CD4+ T lymphocytes to sustain cell quiescence.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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phd_unimib_875317.pdf
embargo fino al 12/02/2027
Descrizione: PhD Thesis Lorenzo Salviati - UNVEILING THE CHROMATIN ORGANIZATION MEDIATED BY LINE1 ELEMENTS IN HUMAN T CELL QUIESCENCE
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Doctoral thesis
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