Over the last decades, neurorehabilitation has shown a growing interest in the integration of emerging technologies, like robotics and virtual reality (VR), due to their multipurpose application and potential for patient recovery. While mixed evidence on their efficacy has been provided across different clinical populations, the broader effectiveness in real-world settings remains unclear. Besides, to ensure that technology-enhanced interventions produce the intended outcomes, more comprehensive knowledge on how to optimally develop and implement rehabilitation technology is required. The present Ph.D. thesis aimed to step into these challenges by adopting a multidisciplinary and user-centred approach. In the first part, two systematic literature reviews were conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of recent evidence on robotic and VR technology acceptance, clinical applicability, and effectiveness in neurorehabilitation programs. Specifically, the first one (Study 1) synthetized research that investigated technology usability and experience of use according to both patients’ and rehabilitation healthcare professionals’ viewpoints. Perceived limitations and strengths concerning the use of the technological devices and their future implementation were pointed out and discussed. The second one (Study 2) summarized the evidence on the effects of robot-assisted therapy (RAT) alone and combined with VR devices on patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and non-motor outcomes across various neurological populations, ultimately advancing recommendations for future research and practice aiming to address multi-domain recovery. Based on the literature reviewed, the second part of the present thesis included the description and the main findings of an ad-hoc developed study protocol intended to deepen knowledge of robotic and VR technology experience of use and biopsychosocial effects. In particular, two empirical studies were conducted. In the first one (Study 3), a technology formal evaluation and experience of use assessment along with an analysis of the related psychosocial impact was carried out. For this purpose, a mixed-method and multi-informant approach was adopted to unveil the factors underlying devices deployment. The second one (Study 4) described the short- and long-term effects of multidisciplinary technology-enhanced neurorehabilitation programs on multiple non-motor outcomes, namely functional status, cognitive functioning, perceived HRQoL, and psychological status. Overall, the evidence reported in this thesis attempts to pave the way to future research and rehabilitation practices targeting technology optimization and effectiveness, ultimately contributing to improving its scaling-up to real-world settings.

Negli ultimi anni, la neuroriabilitazione ha mostrato un crescente interesse nell'integrazione di tecnologie emergenti, come la robotica e la realtà virtuale (VR), grazie alla loro trasversalità applicativa e il loro potenziale nel recupero funzionale del paziente. Sebbene fino ad ora siano stati forniti risultati promettenti sulla loro efficacia in diverse popolazioni cliniche, l’estensione degli effetti nei contesti di vita quotidiana del paziente rimane ancora ad oggi una sfida aperta. Inoltre, per garantire che gli interventi basati sull’utilizzo della tecnologia producano gli esiti desiderati, una conoscenza sempre più esaustiva sul come sviluppare ed implementare in modo ottimale la tecnologia riabilitativa è ancora necessaria. La presente tesi di dottorato ha l'obiettivo di affrontare queste sfide adottando un approccio multidisciplinare e user-centred. Nella prima parte, sono state condotte due revisioni sistematiche della letteratura con l’obiettivo di fornire una panoramica completa dei risultati più recenti in materia di accettazione della tecnologia robotica e della VR, di applicabilità clinica e di efficacia percepita nei programmi di neuroriabilitazione. In particolare, la prima revisione (Studio 1) ha sintetizzato gli studi che hanno indagato l'usabilità e l'esperienza d'utilizzo della tecnologia, considerando sia il punto di vista sia dei pazienti che quello dei professionisti sanitari impegnati nei processi riabilitativi. All’interno del contributo, sono state evidenziate e discusse le limitazioni e i punti di forza relativi all'utilizzo dei dispositivi tecnologici, nonché alla loro implementazione futura. La seconda revisione (Studio 2), invece, ha riassunto gli studi che hanno riportato gli effetti della riabilitazione robotizzata, con o senza l’integrazione di dispositivi di VR, sulla qualità della vita connessa alla salute e su outcome non-motori, fornendo infine raccomandazioni per future ricerche e pratiche riabilitative mirate al recupero muldimensionale del paziente. Sulla base della letteratura esaminata, la seconda parte della tesi è stata dedicata alla descrizione e ai risultati di un protocollo di studio, volto ad approfondire la conoscenza sull'esperienza d'utilizzo della tecnologia robotica e della VR e sui loro effetti biopsicosociali. In particolare, sono stati condotti due studi empirici. Nel primo (Studio 3), attraverso l’adozione di un approccio metodologico misto (quantitativo e qualitativo) e multi-informant (patienti e fisioterapisti), è stata condotta una valutazione dell’usabilità e dell'esperienza d'utilizzo di alcuni dispositivi tecnologici specifici, nonché un'analisi del loro impatto psicosociale. Il secondo (Studio 4), invece, ha descritto in pazienti che hanno partecipato ad un programma di riabilitazione multidisciplinare e ad alta tecnologia, le variazioni, sia a breve che a lungo termine, connesse al quadro funzionale, alla qualità di vita, alla sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva e al funzionamento cognitivo, confrontando quelle osservate in pazienti che hanno partecipato esclusivamente ad un programma di riabilitazione tradizionale. Nel complesso, i risultati riportati in questa tesi rappresentano un tentativo nell’aprire la strada alla ricerca futura e a quelle pratiche riabilitative ad alta tecnologia che mirano sempre più ad ottenere esiti positivi e multidimensionali, contribuendo infine a migliorarne l'implementazione e l’efficacia nei contesti di vita quotidiana.

(2024). Investigating the Biopsychosocial Effects and the Experience of Use of Robotic and Virtual Reality Devices in Neurorehabilitation: A mixed-method, multi-informant, patient-centred approach. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2024).

Investigating the Biopsychosocial Effects and the Experience of Use of Robotic and Virtual Reality Devices in Neurorehabilitation: A mixed-method, multi-informant, patient-centred approach

ZANATTA, FRANCESCO
2024

Abstract

Over the last decades, neurorehabilitation has shown a growing interest in the integration of emerging technologies, like robotics and virtual reality (VR), due to their multipurpose application and potential for patient recovery. While mixed evidence on their efficacy has been provided across different clinical populations, the broader effectiveness in real-world settings remains unclear. Besides, to ensure that technology-enhanced interventions produce the intended outcomes, more comprehensive knowledge on how to optimally develop and implement rehabilitation technology is required. The present Ph.D. thesis aimed to step into these challenges by adopting a multidisciplinary and user-centred approach. In the first part, two systematic literature reviews were conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of recent evidence on robotic and VR technology acceptance, clinical applicability, and effectiveness in neurorehabilitation programs. Specifically, the first one (Study 1) synthetized research that investigated technology usability and experience of use according to both patients’ and rehabilitation healthcare professionals’ viewpoints. Perceived limitations and strengths concerning the use of the technological devices and their future implementation were pointed out and discussed. The second one (Study 2) summarized the evidence on the effects of robot-assisted therapy (RAT) alone and combined with VR devices on patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and non-motor outcomes across various neurological populations, ultimately advancing recommendations for future research and practice aiming to address multi-domain recovery. Based on the literature reviewed, the second part of the present thesis included the description and the main findings of an ad-hoc developed study protocol intended to deepen knowledge of robotic and VR technology experience of use and biopsychosocial effects. In particular, two empirical studies were conducted. In the first one (Study 3), a technology formal evaluation and experience of use assessment along with an analysis of the related psychosocial impact was carried out. For this purpose, a mixed-method and multi-informant approach was adopted to unveil the factors underlying devices deployment. The second one (Study 4) described the short- and long-term effects of multidisciplinary technology-enhanced neurorehabilitation programs on multiple non-motor outcomes, namely functional status, cognitive functioning, perceived HRQoL, and psychological status. Overall, the evidence reported in this thesis attempts to pave the way to future research and rehabilitation practices targeting technology optimization and effectiveness, ultimately contributing to improving its scaling-up to real-world settings.
STECA, PATRIZIA
Neuroriabilitazione; Tecnologia; Qualità di vita; Esperienza d'uso; Multidisciplinare
Neurorehabilitation; Technology; Quality of Life; User Experience; Multidisciplinary
M-PSI/01 - PSICOLOGIA GENERALE
English
8-feb-2024
36
2022/2023
embargoed_20270208
(2024). Investigating the Biopsychosocial Effects and the Experience of Use of Robotic and Virtual Reality Devices in Neurorehabilitation: A mixed-method, multi-informant, patient-centred approach. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2024).
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Descrizione: Investigating the Biopsychosocial Effects and the Experience of Use of Robotic and Virtual Reality in Neurorehabilitation: a mixed-method, multi-informant, patient-centred approach
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/459578
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