The aim of this dissertation is to comprehensively examine the psychological and social factors that contribute to health disparities among sexual and gender minority individuals. The topics investigated draw from a diverse range of academic disciplines, including clinical and social psychology, sociology, anthropology, public health, evolutionary psychology, politics, and medical and neuroscientific studies. Indeed, dealing with identity and health implies dealing with complexity. Addressing the intricate interplay between identity and health requires an in-depth exploration of the multiple elements that influence a particular phenomenon or behavior. Accordingly, this thesis will explore a multitude of interrelated topics, such as sexual and gender identity, stigma, social stress, mental and physical health, well-being, socio-ecological contexts, relationships, rights, and political dynamics. The thesis is structured into three main parts, each further divided into sections and subsections. Part I: Social and psychological processes, health disparities and rights among sexual and gender minority people Part I aims to provide a gradual and comprehensive understanding of the theoretical foundation that underpins research on health disparities among sexual and gender minorities. It begins by offering an overview of the fundamental concepts pertaining to who sexual and gender minority individuals are (§1-2). Key concepts like stigma (§3) and stress (§4) are introduced and examined in the context of how they combine to form a unique form of stress referred to as minority stress. The historical development of the Minority Stress Theory and its application to the health and well-being of sexual and gender minority populations is traced (§5). Additionally, Part I explores the concept of structural stigma (§6) and investigates its connection to minority stress among sexual and gender minorities. The role of policy and legislation in defining structural stigma is also explored (§7), particularly in terms of how politics, ecological systems, and well-being are interconnected. This section also provides insights into the current legal landscape in Italy concerning sexual and gender minority individuals, including a discussion of the "Zan Bill," a recent legislative proposal aimed at combating discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, gender, and disability. This discussion will illuminate the impact of rights denial or adoption on the health of LGBTQIA+ individuals. Part II: Empirical Studies Part II presents a series of empirical studies conducted to investigate the influence of minority stress on sexual and gender minority individuals (§8-9-10). Specifically, three studies are presented: - Study 1 analyzes how the Italian Senate's blocking of the Zan Bill has impacted the mental health of bisexual+ people; - Study 2 presents findings from a qualitative analysis of the concerns expressed by a sample of Italian transgender and bisexual+ individuals following the blocking of the Zan Bill; - Study 3 offers a qualitative analysis of minority stress experienced at the couple-level in trans-inclusive couples, consisting of one cisgender partner and one transgender partner. Part III: General Discussion Part III synthesizes the findings from the preceding studies and engage in a general discussion (§11). Furthermore, it identifies potential policy implications that can contribute to raising public and political awareness and promoting equal rights for LGBTQIA+ individuals in Italy.
L'obiettivo di questa tesi è esaminare in modo approfondito i fattori psicologici e sociali che contribuiscono alle disparità di salute tra le persone appartenenti a minoranze sessuali e di genere. Gli argomenti trattati provengono da un'ampia gamma di discipline accademiche, tra cui psicologia clinica e sociale, sociologia, antropologia, salute pubblica, psicologia evoluzionistica, politica e studi medici e neuroscientifici. Affrontare il tema dell'identità e della salute implica affrontare la complessità. Esaminare l'intricato rapporto tra identità e salute richiede un'approfondita esplorazione dei molteplici fattori che influenzano un particolare fenomeno o comportamento. Di conseguenza, questa tesi analizza una moltitudine di argomenti correlati, come l'identità sessuale e di genere, lo stigma, lo stress sociale, la salute mentale e fisica, il benessere, i contesti socio-ecologici, le relazioni, i diritti e le dinamiche politiche. La tesi è strutturata in tre parti principali, ognuna ulteriormente suddivisa in sezioni e sottosezioni. Parte I: Processi sociali e psicologici, disparità nella salute e diritti tra le minoranze sessuali e di genere La Parte I mira a fornire una comprensione graduale e completa delle fondamenta teoriche su cui si basa la ricerca sulle disparità di salute delle minoranze sessuali e di genere. Inizia offrendo una panoramica dei concetti fondamentali riguardanti chi sono le minoranze sessuali e di genere (§1-2). Vengono introdotti e esaminati concetti chiave come lo stigma (§3) e lo stress (§4) nel contesto di come si combinino per formare una forma unica di stress nota come minority stress. Viene ripercorso lo sviluppo storico della Minority Stress Theory e la sua applicazione alla salute e al benessere delle minoranze sessuali e di genere (§5). Inoltre, la Parte I esplora il concetto di stigma strutturale (§6) e ne investiga il legame con il minority stress nelle minoranze sessuali e di genere. Si esamina anche il ruolo delle politiche e delle leggi nella definizione dello stigma strutturale (§7), in particolare per quanto riguarda la connessione tra politica, sistemi ecologici e benessere. Questa sezione fornisce anche informazioni sul panorama legale attuale in Italia riguardo le minoranze sessuali e di genere, compreso un dibattito sulla Disegno di legge "Zan", una recente proposta legislativa volta a combattere la discriminazione basata sull'orientamento sessuale, sull'identità di genere, sul genere e sulla disabilità. Questa discussione illuminerà l'impatto del rifiuto o dell'adozione dei diritti sulla salute delle persone LGBTQIA+. Parte II: Studi Empirici La Parte II presenta una serie di studi empirici condotti per indagare l'influenza del minority stress nelle minoranze sessuali e di genere (§8-9-10). In particolare, vengono presentati tre studi: - Lo Studio 1 analizza come il blocco del Disegno di legge "Zan" da parte del Senato italiano ha influenzato la salute mentale delle persone bisessuali+; - Lo Studio 2 presenta i risultati di un'analisi qualitativa delle preoccupazioni espresse da un campione di persone transgender e bisessuali+ italiane a seguito del blocco del Disegno di legge "Zan"; - Lo Studio 3 offre un'analisi qualitativa del couple-level minority stress nelle coppie trans-inclusive, composte da un* partner cisgender e un* partner transgender. Parte III: Discussione Generale La Parte III sintetizza i risultati degli studi precedenti e si impegna in una discussione generale (§11). Inoltre, identifica potenziali implicazioni politiche che possono contribuire a sensibilizzare l'opinione pubblica e la politica e promuovere diritti uguali per le persone LGBTQIA+ in Italia.
(2024). Minority stress, rights, and health: Unraveling psycho-social disparities among sexual and gender minority individuals in Italy. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2024).
Minority stress, rights, and health: Unraveling psycho-social disparities among sexual and gender minority individuals in Italy
RUCCO, DANIELE
2024
Abstract
The aim of this dissertation is to comprehensively examine the psychological and social factors that contribute to health disparities among sexual and gender minority individuals. The topics investigated draw from a diverse range of academic disciplines, including clinical and social psychology, sociology, anthropology, public health, evolutionary psychology, politics, and medical and neuroscientific studies. Indeed, dealing with identity and health implies dealing with complexity. Addressing the intricate interplay between identity and health requires an in-depth exploration of the multiple elements that influence a particular phenomenon or behavior. Accordingly, this thesis will explore a multitude of interrelated topics, such as sexual and gender identity, stigma, social stress, mental and physical health, well-being, socio-ecological contexts, relationships, rights, and political dynamics. The thesis is structured into three main parts, each further divided into sections and subsections. Part I: Social and psychological processes, health disparities and rights among sexual and gender minority people Part I aims to provide a gradual and comprehensive understanding of the theoretical foundation that underpins research on health disparities among sexual and gender minorities. It begins by offering an overview of the fundamental concepts pertaining to who sexual and gender minority individuals are (§1-2). Key concepts like stigma (§3) and stress (§4) are introduced and examined in the context of how they combine to form a unique form of stress referred to as minority stress. The historical development of the Minority Stress Theory and its application to the health and well-being of sexual and gender minority populations is traced (§5). Additionally, Part I explores the concept of structural stigma (§6) and investigates its connection to minority stress among sexual and gender minorities. The role of policy and legislation in defining structural stigma is also explored (§7), particularly in terms of how politics, ecological systems, and well-being are interconnected. This section also provides insights into the current legal landscape in Italy concerning sexual and gender minority individuals, including a discussion of the "Zan Bill," a recent legislative proposal aimed at combating discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, gender, and disability. This discussion will illuminate the impact of rights denial or adoption on the health of LGBTQIA+ individuals. Part II: Empirical Studies Part II presents a series of empirical studies conducted to investigate the influence of minority stress on sexual and gender minority individuals (§8-9-10). Specifically, three studies are presented: - Study 1 analyzes how the Italian Senate's blocking of the Zan Bill has impacted the mental health of bisexual+ people; - Study 2 presents findings from a qualitative analysis of the concerns expressed by a sample of Italian transgender and bisexual+ individuals following the blocking of the Zan Bill; - Study 3 offers a qualitative analysis of minority stress experienced at the couple-level in trans-inclusive couples, consisting of one cisgender partner and one transgender partner. Part III: General Discussion Part III synthesizes the findings from the preceding studies and engage in a general discussion (§11). Furthermore, it identifies potential policy implications that can contribute to raising public and political awareness and promoting equal rights for LGBTQIA+ individuals in Italy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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