Development of Chitosan Derivatives for Analytical Application in Capillary Electrophoresis

Protein analysis by capillary electrophoresis is an established benchmark technique, where electrophoretic separation performances are frequently affected by protein adsorption on capillary walls. The protein-wall interaction can be suppressed or mitigated by the application of the so-called dynamic coating agents. In this study, the potential of chitosan derivatives as dynamic coating was investigated, targeting the separation of the carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), a relevant biomarker in forensic analyses to detect chronic alcohol abuse. To this aim, chitosan was derivatized through different chemical reactions, including nucleophilic substitution, reductive amination, and condensation reaction, to provide different characteristics to the dynamic coatings. After chemical and physical characterization, chitosan derivatives were tested as dynamic coating additives in the buffer separation solution of CDT. Evidence of the improvement in the CDT separation efficiency were found applying PEGmodified chitosan via nucleophilic substitution.