The research topic that underpinned the work presented, was the symbolic and pedagogical value of food and food practices within early childhood educational services. The aim of the research was to analyse, through a multidisciplinary lens, food as a global anthropological fact (Morin, 2013) demonstrating how food practices guide the lives of individuals in the construction of language and categories of thought (Barthes, 1961; Alves, 1998), in the creation of social bonds and the determination of gender and class roles within societies (Lévi-Strauss, 1964; Douglas, 1985; Fischler, 1990), in the preservation of the collective memory of a community (Montanari, 1984; Sutton, 2001) and in the influence of the process of embodiment. The centrality of the proposed work is represented by the pedagogical reflection on food practices within educational services that highlights the link between education and food: a deep link but poorly explored by educational theoresis (Birbes, 2012; Flowers & Swan, 2012; Isidori, 2015; Sidoti, 2022) and that crosses important themes for the formation of the human being. As an object-threshold that connects the 'inside', and the 'outside', food triangulates the relationship between subjectivity, culture and the environment, embodying the values of conviviality, knowledge transfer, protection of territorial biodiversity, and reorientation of lifestyles towards more sustainable forms of consumption for the health of the environment and humanity (Naess, 1994; Malavasi, 1998; Mortari, 2020). The empirical research relating to this study had the objective of analysing feeding practices within two nurseries, with the aim of understanding how mealtime within nurseries contributes to the development of a process of self-perception, both at an individual and social level, in children, reflecting on how intergenerational transmission, through nourishment, influences the caring relationships between adults and children. To this purpose, the constructivist paradigm in the social sciences was considered appropriate. The research design also incorporated a psychosocial perspective in education (Conte, 2006; Clarke & Hoggett, 2009; Travaglino, 2011) to analyse the relationships between individuals, between the individual and social systems and the reciprocal influences of this relationship. The research strategy refers to the case study (Stake,1995; Mortari 2007). Two methods were chosen for data collection and analysis: the Ethnographic Method (Geertz, 1973; Fabietti, 2004; Bove, 2009) and the Clinica della formazione (Massa 1992; Riva 2000, 2004; Ulivieri Stiozzi, 2013 ). The research tools used for data collection were narrative interviews, participatory observation and focus groups. From the analysis of the data that emerged, it was possible to highlight 6 categories of meaning: the definition of food and nutrition, reflection on the spaces and times of the service, the posture of the educator: gestures and rituality, the emotional dynamics in the meal, the relationship with the families, the intergenerational transmission. The intense research work, however, does not end with this discussion. A number of crucial nodes still remain open: the need to provide training sessions on the theme of lunch where it is possible to reflect in a symbolic key on the methods of nourishment, on one's own food history and on the emotions evoked by food; the need to organise training meetings aimed at parents, aimed at processing their anxieties regarding food; and, finally, an international comparison between the food practices acted out in the educational services, in order to think of all-encompassing best practices.
Il tema di ricerca che ha orientato il lavoro presentato è stato il valore simbolico e pedagogico del cibo e delle pratiche alimentari all’interno dei servizi educativi per la prima infanzia. L’obiettivo della ricerca è stato quello analizzare, attraverso una lente multidisciplinare, il cibo quale fatto antropologico totale (Morin, 2013) dimostrando come le pratiche alimentari orientino la vita degli individui nella costruzione del linguaggio e delle categorie di pensiero (Barthes, 1961; Alves, 1998), nella creazione dei legami sociali e nella determinazione di ruoli di genere e classe all’interno delle società (Lévi-Strauss, 1964; Douglas, 1985; Fischler, 1990), nella custodia della memoria collettiva di una comunità (Montanari, 1984; Sutton, 2001) e nell'influenza del processo di soggettivazione dell’essere umano (Klein, 1936, 1957; Bowbly, 1969, 1972, 1980; Winnicot, 1971). La centralità del lavoro proposto è rappresentato dalla riflessione pedagogica sulle pratiche alimentari all’interno dei servizi educativi che mette in evidenza il legame tra educazione e alimentazione: legame profondo ma poco esplorato dalla teoresi educativa (Birbes, 2012; Flowers & Swan, 2012; Isidori, 2015; Sidoti, 2022) e che intreccia temi importanti per la formazione dell’essere umano. Oggetto-soglia che connette il “dentro”, e il “fuori”, il cibo triangola il rapporto tra soggettività, cultura e ambiente, incarnando i valori di convivialità, di trasferimento di conoscenze, di tutela della biodiversità del territorio, di riorientamento degli stili di vita verso forme di consumo più sostenibili per la salute dell’ambiente e dell’umanità (Naess, 1994; Malavasi, 1998; Mortari, 2020). La ricerca empirica relativa a tale studio ha avuto l’obiettivo di analizzare le pratiche alimentari all’interno di due nidi per l’infanzia, con lo scopo di comprendere come il momento del pasto all’interno dei nidi di infanzia contribuisca a far maturare un processo di percezione di sé, sia a livello individuale che sociale, nei bambini, riflettendo su come la trasmissione intergenerazionale, attraverso il nutrimento, influenzi le relazioni di cura tra adulto e bambini. A tale fine, è stato ritenuto adeguato il paradigma costruttivista nelle scienze sociali. Il disegno di ricerca, inoltre, ha integrato una prospettiva psicosociale nell’educazione (Conte, 2006; Clarke & Hoggett, 2009; Travaglino, 2011). La strategia di ricerca fa riferimento allo studio di caso (Stake,1995; Mortari 2007). Due sono stati i metodi scelti per la raccolta e l’analisi dei dati: il Metodo Etnografico (Geertz,1973; Fabietti, 2004; Bove, 2009) e la Clinica della Formazione (Massa 1992; Riva 2000, 2004; Ulivieri Stiozzi, 2013). Gli strumenti di ricerca utilizzati per la raccolta dati sono stati l’intervista narrativa, l’osservazione partecipata e i focus group. Dall'analisi dei dati emersi è stato possibile evidenziare 6 categorie di senso: la definizione di alimentazione e nutrimento, la riflessione circa gli spazi e i tempi del servizio, la postura dell’educatrice: gestualità e ritualità, le dinamiche emozionali nel pasto, il rapporto con le famiglie, la trasmissione intergenerazionale. L'intenso lavoro di ricerca, tuttavia, non si esaurisce in questa trattazione. Rimangono aperti ancora alcuni nodi cruciali: la necessità di prevedere dei momenti di formazione sul tema del pranzo per i professionisti dell’educazione, dove poter riflettere in chiave simbolica sulle modalità di nutrimento, sulla propria storia alimentare e sulle emozioni evocate dal cibo; la necessità di predisporre degli incontri formativi rivoti ai genitori, finalizzati all’elaborazione delle loro ansie relative al cibo; e, infine, una comparazione internazionale tra le pratiche alimentari agite nei servizi educativi, per pensare a best practices onnicomprensive.
(2023). Dall’alimentazione al nutrimento: il valore simbolico e pedagogico del cibo come analizzatore delle pratiche educative.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023).
Dall’alimentazione al nutrimento: il valore simbolico e pedagogico del cibo come analizzatore delle pratiche educative.
AMBROSINI, VALENTINA
2023
Abstract
The research topic that underpinned the work presented, was the symbolic and pedagogical value of food and food practices within early childhood educational services. The aim of the research was to analyse, through a multidisciplinary lens, food as a global anthropological fact (Morin, 2013) demonstrating how food practices guide the lives of individuals in the construction of language and categories of thought (Barthes, 1961; Alves, 1998), in the creation of social bonds and the determination of gender and class roles within societies (Lévi-Strauss, 1964; Douglas, 1985; Fischler, 1990), in the preservation of the collective memory of a community (Montanari, 1984; Sutton, 2001) and in the influence of the process of embodiment. The centrality of the proposed work is represented by the pedagogical reflection on food practices within educational services that highlights the link between education and food: a deep link but poorly explored by educational theoresis (Birbes, 2012; Flowers & Swan, 2012; Isidori, 2015; Sidoti, 2022) and that crosses important themes for the formation of the human being. As an object-threshold that connects the 'inside', and the 'outside', food triangulates the relationship between subjectivity, culture and the environment, embodying the values of conviviality, knowledge transfer, protection of territorial biodiversity, and reorientation of lifestyles towards more sustainable forms of consumption for the health of the environment and humanity (Naess, 1994; Malavasi, 1998; Mortari, 2020). The empirical research relating to this study had the objective of analysing feeding practices within two nurseries, with the aim of understanding how mealtime within nurseries contributes to the development of a process of self-perception, both at an individual and social level, in children, reflecting on how intergenerational transmission, through nourishment, influences the caring relationships between adults and children. To this purpose, the constructivist paradigm in the social sciences was considered appropriate. The research design also incorporated a psychosocial perspective in education (Conte, 2006; Clarke & Hoggett, 2009; Travaglino, 2011) to analyse the relationships between individuals, between the individual and social systems and the reciprocal influences of this relationship. The research strategy refers to the case study (Stake,1995; Mortari 2007). Two methods were chosen for data collection and analysis: the Ethnographic Method (Geertz, 1973; Fabietti, 2004; Bove, 2009) and the Clinica della formazione (Massa 1992; Riva 2000, 2004; Ulivieri Stiozzi, 2013 ). The research tools used for data collection were narrative interviews, participatory observation and focus groups. From the analysis of the data that emerged, it was possible to highlight 6 categories of meaning: the definition of food and nutrition, reflection on the spaces and times of the service, the posture of the educator: gestures and rituality, the emotional dynamics in the meal, the relationship with the families, the intergenerational transmission. The intense research work, however, does not end with this discussion. A number of crucial nodes still remain open: the need to provide training sessions on the theme of lunch where it is possible to reflect in a symbolic key on the methods of nourishment, on one's own food history and on the emotions evoked by food; the need to organise training meetings aimed at parents, aimed at processing their anxieties regarding food; and, finally, an international comparison between the food practices acted out in the educational services, in order to think of all-encompassing best practices.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: DALL’ALIMENTAZIONE AL NUTRIMENTO: IL VALORE SIMBOLICO E PEDAGOGICO DEL CIBO COME ANALIZZATORE DELLE PRATICHE EDUCATIVE.
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Doctoral thesis
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