In the last decades, much research has been devoted to the investigation of syntactic priming as a method to explore the production and comprehension of specific linguistic structures. With this dissertation, we aimed at providing evidence that different versions of a morphosyntactic priming-based production-focused training program, which we developed, can have cumulative long-term priming effects, considering different Italian complex syntactic structures, not only on monolingual typically developing children but also, most importantly, on children with Developmental Language Disorders (DLD) and early second language learners of Italian. First, our results confirmed our assumption that the production of the investigated structures, namely third person direct object clitic pronouns and passive sentences, is indeed delayed in early second language children with respect to their monolingual aged-matched peers (Chapters 3 and 4), as well as the fact that the failure to produce object clitics is a clinical marked for DLD in Italian-speaking children (Chapter 2). Moreover, we also found that the children with DLD produced significantly more object clitics when their gender marking matched that of the sentence’s subject with respect to when the two elements were in gender mismatch (a result also found in the typically developing children). In comparison, the early second language children produced significantly more object clitics when they were masculine marked than when they were feminine marked. Then, we focused on our main aim, which was to assess if the training program we developed could enhance the production of the aforementioned structures in the investigated children. We also verified if those enhancements would persist over several months, which would prove that the instrument can have cumulative long-term priming effects. Moreover, for the passives investigated in Chapter 4, we also evaluated whether not only the production but also the comprehension of the structure can be enhanced thanks to the training in early second language children. Indeed, we found that the production of object clitics was significantly higher both around one week and 3.5 months after the training program than before it in monolingual Italian children with DLD (Chapter 2) and young early second language learners of Italian (Chapter 3). Similarly, we found that both the production and the comprehension of passive sentences of the older early second language children we assessed in Chapter 4 were significantly higher (around one week and 2 months) after the training than before it, which speaks in favor of the existence of bidirectional priming effects. Lastly, we found that the training program was overall effective independently of the linguistic competence in Italian (in terms of vocabulary and grammar comprehension) of the children with DLD and the early second language children who participated in the training program. Other second language related factors were explored in Chapters 3 and 4, and the only factor that resulted as impacting on the effectiveness of the training program was found in Chapter 4: The context in which the older early second language children started learning Italian impacted on the long-term effectiveness of training program in enhancing passives production. The results of this dissertation, even though they are only preliminary, provide novel insights about the possible impact of priming on the acquisition of a language, as well as on the treatment of language disorders. More investigation should be carried out, involving more children and with a more rigorous methodology, to provide the necessary experimental support for the distribution of the app version of our training program as a therapeutic and language learning device.
Negli ultimi decenni, molte ricerche hanno investigato l’uso del priming sintattico come metodo per esplorare la produzione e la comprensione di specifiche strutture linguistiche. L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è fornire prove a supporto del fatto che diverse versioni di un training morfosintattico basato sul priming, da noi sviluppato, possono avere effetti di priming cumulativi e a lungo termine, considerando diverse strutture sintattiche complesse della lingua italiana, sia su bambini monolingui a sviluppo tipico, sia su bambini con Disturbo Primario del Linguaggio (DPL) e su bambini che imparano l’Italiano come seconda lingua. Anzitutto, i nostri risultati hanno confermato le nostre previsioni per cui la produzione delle strutture indagate, ossia i pronomi clitici oggetto di terza persona e le frasi passive, è ritardata nei bambini che imparano l’Italiano come seconda lingua rispetto ai bambini monolingui di pari età (Capitolo 3 e 4), così come hanno confermato che la mancata produzione dei pronomi clitici oggetto è un marker clinico del DPL nei bambini di lingua italiana (Capitolo 2). Inoltre, abbiamo anche trovato che mentre i bambini con DPL producono significativamente più pronomi clitici oggetto quando il loro genere grammaticale corrisponde a quello del soggetto della frase rispetto a quando i due elementi sono marcati con un genere grammaticale diverso (un risultato trovato anche nei bambini a sviluppo tipico), i bambini che imparano l’Italiano come seconda lingua producono significativamente più pronomi clitici oggetto quando tali pronomi sono espressi con il genere maschile, rispetto a quando sono di genere femminile. Dopodiché, ci siamo concentrati sul nostro obiettivo principale, ossia la verifica che il training da noi sviluppato sia in grado di migliorare la produzione di queste strutture nei bambini valutati. Abbiamo inoltre verificato se tali miglioramenti potessero persistere anche dopo diversi mesi, cosa che proverebbe che lo strumento può avere effetti di priming cumulativi e a lungo termine. Per di più, per le frasi passive analizzate nel Capitolo 4, abbiamo anche valutato se non solo la produzione ma anche la comprensione della struttura possa essere migliorata grazie al training nei bambini che imparano l’Italiano come seconda lingua. Effettivamente, abbiamo trovato che la produzione dei pronomi clitici oggetto era significativamente più alta sia dopo circa una settimana che dopo circa 3.5 mesi dal training rispetto a prima dello stesso nei bambini monolingui italiano con DPL (Capitolo 2) e nei bambini che imparano l’Italiano come seconda lingua (Capitolo 3). Allo stesso modo, abbiamo trovato che sia la produzione sia la comprensione delle frasi passive dei bambini più grandi che imparano l’Italiano come seconda lingua, da noi valutati nel Capitolo 4, erano significativamente più alte (circa una settimana e circa 2 mesi) dopo il training che prima dello stesso, il che depone a favore dell’esistenza di effetti di priming bidirezionale. In ultimo, abbiamo trovato che il training è stato efficace a prescindere dalla competenza linguistica in Italiano (in termini di comprensione del vocabolario e della grammatica) dei bambini con DPL e dei bambini che imparano l’Italiano come seconda lingua che hanno partecipato al training. Altri fattori legati alla seconda lingua sono stati esplorati nei Capitoli 3 e 4 e il solo fattore che è risultato avere un impatto sull’efficacia del training è stato trovato nel Capitolo 4: il contesto di primo apprendimento dell’Italiano dei bambini più grandi che lo imparano come seconda lingua ha impattato significativamente sull’efficacia a lungo termine del training nel migliorare la produzione di frasi passive. I risultati del presente elaborato, anche se sono solo preliminari, forniscono nuove informazioni sul possibile impatto del priming sull’acquisizione di una lingua, così come sul trattamento dei disturbi del linguaggio.
(2023). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A MORPHOSYNTACTIC PRIMING-BASED TRAINING PROGRAM IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023).
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A MORPHOSYNTACTIC PRIMING-BASED TRAINING PROGRAM IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS
BETTELLI, GIULIA
2023
Abstract
In the last decades, much research has been devoted to the investigation of syntactic priming as a method to explore the production and comprehension of specific linguistic structures. With this dissertation, we aimed at providing evidence that different versions of a morphosyntactic priming-based production-focused training program, which we developed, can have cumulative long-term priming effects, considering different Italian complex syntactic structures, not only on monolingual typically developing children but also, most importantly, on children with Developmental Language Disorders (DLD) and early second language learners of Italian. First, our results confirmed our assumption that the production of the investigated structures, namely third person direct object clitic pronouns and passive sentences, is indeed delayed in early second language children with respect to their monolingual aged-matched peers (Chapters 3 and 4), as well as the fact that the failure to produce object clitics is a clinical marked for DLD in Italian-speaking children (Chapter 2). Moreover, we also found that the children with DLD produced significantly more object clitics when their gender marking matched that of the sentence’s subject with respect to when the two elements were in gender mismatch (a result also found in the typically developing children). In comparison, the early second language children produced significantly more object clitics when they were masculine marked than when they were feminine marked. Then, we focused on our main aim, which was to assess if the training program we developed could enhance the production of the aforementioned structures in the investigated children. We also verified if those enhancements would persist over several months, which would prove that the instrument can have cumulative long-term priming effects. Moreover, for the passives investigated in Chapter 4, we also evaluated whether not only the production but also the comprehension of the structure can be enhanced thanks to the training in early second language children. Indeed, we found that the production of object clitics was significantly higher both around one week and 3.5 months after the training program than before it in monolingual Italian children with DLD (Chapter 2) and young early second language learners of Italian (Chapter 3). Similarly, we found that both the production and the comprehension of passive sentences of the older early second language children we assessed in Chapter 4 were significantly higher (around one week and 2 months) after the training than before it, which speaks in favor of the existence of bidirectional priming effects. Lastly, we found that the training program was overall effective independently of the linguistic competence in Italian (in terms of vocabulary and grammar comprehension) of the children with DLD and the early second language children who participated in the training program. Other second language related factors were explored in Chapters 3 and 4, and the only factor that resulted as impacting on the effectiveness of the training program was found in Chapter 4: The context in which the older early second language children started learning Italian impacted on the long-term effectiveness of training program in enhancing passives production. The results of this dissertation, even though they are only preliminary, provide novel insights about the possible impact of priming on the acquisition of a language, as well as on the treatment of language disorders. More investigation should be carried out, involving more children and with a more rigorous methodology, to provide the necessary experimental support for the distribution of the app version of our training program as a therapeutic and language learning device.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A MORPHOSYNTACTIC PRIMING-BASED TRAINING PROGRAM IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS
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Doctoral thesis
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