Batteries based on organic electrolytes have been raising safety concerns due to some associated fire/explosion accidents caused by the unusual combination of highly flammable organic electrolytes and high energy electrodes. Nonflammable aqueous batteries are a good alternative to the current energy storage systems. However, what makes aqueous batteries safe and viable turns out to be their main weakness, since water molecules are prone to decomposition because of a narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW). In this perspective we introduce aqueous batteries and then discuss the state-of-the-art of water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes for aqueous energy storage systems. The main strategies to improve ESW are reviewed, including: (i) the use of fluorinated salts to make a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI); (ii) the use of cost-effective and highly soluble salts to reduce water activity through super concentration; and (iii) the use of hybrid electrolytes combining the advantages of both aqueous and non-aqueous phases. Then, we discuss different battery chemistries operated with different WIS electrolytes. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future technological perspectives for practical aqueous energy storage systems, including applications in stationary storage/grid, power backup, portable electronics, and automotive sectors.

Khalid, S., Pianta, N., Mustarelli, P., Ruffo, R. (2023). Use of Water-In-Salt Concentrated Liquid Electrolytes in Electrochemical Energy Storage: State of the Art and Perspectives. BATTERIES, 9(1) [10.3390/batteries9010047].

Use of Water-In-Salt Concentrated Liquid Electrolytes in Electrochemical Energy Storage: State of the Art and Perspectives

Khalid, Shahid
Primo
;
Pianta, Nicolò
Secondo
;
Mustarelli, Piercarlo
Penultimo
;
Ruffo, Riccardo
Ultimo
2023

Abstract

Batteries based on organic electrolytes have been raising safety concerns due to some associated fire/explosion accidents caused by the unusual combination of highly flammable organic electrolytes and high energy electrodes. Nonflammable aqueous batteries are a good alternative to the current energy storage systems. However, what makes aqueous batteries safe and viable turns out to be their main weakness, since water molecules are prone to decomposition because of a narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW). In this perspective we introduce aqueous batteries and then discuss the state-of-the-art of water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes for aqueous energy storage systems. The main strategies to improve ESW are reviewed, including: (i) the use of fluorinated salts to make a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI); (ii) the use of cost-effective and highly soluble salts to reduce water activity through super concentration; and (iii) the use of hybrid electrolytes combining the advantages of both aqueous and non-aqueous phases. Then, we discuss different battery chemistries operated with different WIS electrolytes. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future technological perspectives for practical aqueous energy storage systems, including applications in stationary storage/grid, power backup, portable electronics, and automotive sectors.
Articolo in rivista - Articolo scientifico
aqueous battery; electrolyte; metal-ion batteries; supercaps; water-in-salt;
English
7-gen-2023
2023
9
1
47
open
Khalid, S., Pianta, N., Mustarelli, P., Ruffo, R. (2023). Use of Water-In-Salt Concentrated Liquid Electrolytes in Electrochemical Energy Storage: State of the Art and Perspectives. BATTERIES, 9(1) [10.3390/batteries9010047].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/402557
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