The present PhD project has taken into account critical issues around Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) and limitations of current therapies to further improve them, by generally focusing on neonatal therapeutic approaches, both in terms of combined HSCT and ERT and of gene therapy, and on trying to reduce the overall toxicities associated with pre-conditioning settings. Overall, the most important open issues regarding this rare life-threatening disorder are the need for a precocious and rapid intervention, the lack of complete disease correction after current therapeutic approaches and side effects due to pre-conditioning regiment. My PhD project partially focused on testing a combined approach of the current standard-of-cares for treating MPSI. HSCT and ERT combination efficacy was tested in a mouse model of MPSI as neonatal intervention, for evaluating additional benefits of continuous enzyme therapy after transplant of donor’s cells. We compared three treatment options starting from MPSI pups’ birth, considering IDUA deficient activity, GAGs storage and vacuoles in visceral organs, the immune response against the recombinant IDUA and skeletal and CNS ameliorations. Therefore, performing a combined approach of HSCT and ERT in the neonatal period could help improving some hard-to-treat MPSI manifestations. The second part of this PhD project was carried out in collaboration with TIGET-SR and Prof. Alessandro Aiuti. It was focused on testing a neonatal gene therapy approach in a mouse model of MPSI, considering the importance of an early phenotype correction. In particular, we evaluated if this early treatment could be applied in MPSI neonates and could be a successful strategy for overcoming the main clinical issues that still remain after current canonical HSCT treatment. We monitored peripheral blood of treated mice for 8 months in terms of enzymatic activity and VCN, and we evaluated the effect of GT performed in MPSI pups at endpoint, considering IDUA deficient activity, vector copies/genome, GAGs storage and vacuoles in visceral organs, the immune response against the recombinant IDUA and skeletal and CNS ameliorations. The last part of this PhD project was centered on trying to reduce the high morbidity and mortality due to the severe conditioning regimen in the context of neonatal MPSI therapies, as a side project. The main objective was to translate the application of hematopoietic cell–specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as conditioning for early MPSI treatment, in which a precocious intervention is crucial. Since none of the tested setting was able to induce enough engraftment of donor’s cells to be relevant for MPSI early treatment, we tried to understand what could interfere, but we demonstrated the need for further studies prior to ADCs application in humanised models and in MPSI NSG pups. Preliminary results on increased cytokines levels after CD117-SAP in adult NSG compared to other conditioning settings were performed to evaluate impairment of inflammation and possible ADC application with anti-inflammatory drugs prior to early therapy in MPSI pups.
In questo progetto di dottorato, sono stati presi in considerazione alcuni punti cruciali relativi alla malattia Mucopolisaccaridosi di tipo I (MPSI) e ai limiti delle attuali terapie, per migliorarle concentrandosi su approcci in epoca neonatale, a livello di combinazione terapeutiche (HSCT e ERT) e di terapia genica, e su riduzione delle tossicità associate ai regimi di condizionamento. Complessivamente, le problematiche più significative riguardo MPSI rimangono la necessità di un intervento precoce e rapido, l’incompleta correzione della malattia in seguito agli attuali approcci terapeutici e gli effetti collaterali dovuti al regime di precondizionamento. La prima parte del progetto si è concentrata sul testare un approccio terapeutico che combinasse i trattamenti canonici per MPSI. È stata testata l'efficacia della combinazione di HSCT ed ERT nel modello murino di MPSI come intervento neonatale, per valutare i benefici aggiuntivi della terapia enzimatica effettuata in modo continuativo a seguito del trapianto di cellule da donatore. Tre opzioni di trattamento sono state confrontate dalla nascita, considerando la mancante attività enzimatica (IDUA), l’accumulo di GAG e di vacuoli nei principali organi viscerali, la risposta nei confronti di IDUA ricombinante e i miglioramenti di tipo scheletrico e cerebrale. Pertanto, un approccio combinato di HSCT ed ERT nel periodo neonatale potrebbe essere applicato per migliorare alcune manifestazioni cliniche di MPSI, soprattutto evitando danni irreversibili. La seconda parte del progetto di dottorato è stata svolta in collaborazione con TIGET-SR e il Prof. Alessandro Aiuti. Si è concentrato sulla sperimentazione di un approccio di terapia genica neonatale in un modello murino di MPSI, considerando l'importanza di correggere precocemente la malattia. In particolare, abbiamo valutato se questo trattamento terapeutico potesse essere applicato nei neonati MPSI e potesse essere una strategia efficace per superare i principali problemi clinici che permangono dopo il trattamento canonico. Abbiamo valutato l'effetto della terapia genica somministrata nei neonati affetti da MPSI, monitorando i valori di IDUA e VCN nel sangue periferico e considerando infine la mancante attività enzimatica (IDUA), l’accumulo di GAG e di vacuoli nei principali organi viscerali, la risposta nei confronti di IDUA ricombinante e i miglioramenti di tipo scheletrico e cerebrale. Contemporaneamente, abbiamo cercato di ridurre gli effetti collaterali causati dal regime di condizionamento nel contesto delle terapie neonatali per MPSI, come progetto parallelo. L’obiettivo principale è stato trasporre l'applicazione di ADC, molecole congiunte di anticorpo-farmaco, capaci di agire specificatamente sulla cellula, come condizionamento per il trattamento neonatale di MPSI, in cui un intervento precoce è fondamentale. Poiché nessuna delle opzioni testate è stata in grado di indurre un sufficiente attecchimento di cellule del donatore da essere rilevante per il trattamento precoce dell'MPSI, ne abbiamo ricercato le cause, dimostrando la necessità di ulteriori studi prima dell'applicazione degli ADC nel modello studiato, in quelli umanizzati e nei cuccioli di MPSI NSG. Analisi preliminari sono state effettuate relativamente all’aumento dei livelli di citochine dopo CD117-SAP nei topi NSG adulti, confrontandoli agli altri regimi di condizionamento, per valutare una possibile applicazione di ADC con farmaci antinfiammatori prima della terapia precoce nei cuccioli MPSI.
(2022). Exploring early therapeutic approaches in a Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) mouse model. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022).
Exploring early therapeutic approaches in a Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) mouse model
DE PONTI, GIADA
2022
Abstract
The present PhD project has taken into account critical issues around Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) and limitations of current therapies to further improve them, by generally focusing on neonatal therapeutic approaches, both in terms of combined HSCT and ERT and of gene therapy, and on trying to reduce the overall toxicities associated with pre-conditioning settings. Overall, the most important open issues regarding this rare life-threatening disorder are the need for a precocious and rapid intervention, the lack of complete disease correction after current therapeutic approaches and side effects due to pre-conditioning regiment. My PhD project partially focused on testing a combined approach of the current standard-of-cares for treating MPSI. HSCT and ERT combination efficacy was tested in a mouse model of MPSI as neonatal intervention, for evaluating additional benefits of continuous enzyme therapy after transplant of donor’s cells. We compared three treatment options starting from MPSI pups’ birth, considering IDUA deficient activity, GAGs storage and vacuoles in visceral organs, the immune response against the recombinant IDUA and skeletal and CNS ameliorations. Therefore, performing a combined approach of HSCT and ERT in the neonatal period could help improving some hard-to-treat MPSI manifestations. The second part of this PhD project was carried out in collaboration with TIGET-SR and Prof. Alessandro Aiuti. It was focused on testing a neonatal gene therapy approach in a mouse model of MPSI, considering the importance of an early phenotype correction. In particular, we evaluated if this early treatment could be applied in MPSI neonates and could be a successful strategy for overcoming the main clinical issues that still remain after current canonical HSCT treatment. We monitored peripheral blood of treated mice for 8 months in terms of enzymatic activity and VCN, and we evaluated the effect of GT performed in MPSI pups at endpoint, considering IDUA deficient activity, vector copies/genome, GAGs storage and vacuoles in visceral organs, the immune response against the recombinant IDUA and skeletal and CNS ameliorations. The last part of this PhD project was centered on trying to reduce the high morbidity and mortality due to the severe conditioning regimen in the context of neonatal MPSI therapies, as a side project. The main objective was to translate the application of hematopoietic cell–specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as conditioning for early MPSI treatment, in which a precocious intervention is crucial. Since none of the tested setting was able to induce enough engraftment of donor’s cells to be relevant for MPSI early treatment, we tried to understand what could interfere, but we demonstrated the need for further studies prior to ADCs application in humanised models and in MPSI NSG pups. Preliminary results on increased cytokines levels after CD117-SAP in adult NSG compared to other conditioning settings were performed to evaluate impairment of inflammation and possible ADC application with anti-inflammatory drugs prior to early therapy in MPSI pups.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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phd_unimib_766525.pdf
embargo fino al 03/05/2025
Descrizione: De Ponti Giada 766525
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Doctoral thesis
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