Benefits of early postoperative enteral feeding in cancer patients

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the early postoperative administration of an enriched enteral diet in cancer patients. Design: Randomised controlled study. Setting: Surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients: 77 consecutive patients undergoing curative surgery for gastric or pancreatic cancer. Interventions: Patients were randomised into 3 groups to receive: a standard enteral formula (n = 24); the same formula enriched with arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids (n = 26); isonitrogen isocaloric total parenteral nutrition (n = 27). Enteral nutrition was started within 12 h following surgery. Infusion rate was progressively increased reaching the full regimen on postoperative day (POD) 4. On admission and on POD 1 and 8, the following measurements were performed: serum level of total iron-binding capacity, albumin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and cholinesterase. Delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR), IgG, IgM, IgA, lymphocyte subsets, and monocyte phagocytosis ability were also evaluated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed preoperatively and on POD 2, 7, and 11. The rate and severity of postoperative infections and the length of hospital stay were evaluated. Results: In all patients, a significant drop of nutritional and immunologic parameters was observed on POD 1. A significant increase of prealbumin (p < 0.02), RBP (p < 0.005), monocyte phagocytosis ability (p < 0.001), and DHR (p < 0.005) was found on POD 8 only in the group fed with the enriched diet. A significant reduction of severity of postoperative infections and length of postoperative stay was found in the group with the enriched diet compared to the other groups. Conclusions: These data are suggestive of an improvement of the nutritional and immunologic status and clinical outcome in cancer patients who receive an enriched enteral diet in the early postoperative course.