Methods, computer-accessible medium and systems to model disease progression using biomedical data from multiple patients

An exemplary embodiment of system, method and computer-accessible medium can be provided to reconstruct models based on the probabilistic notion of causation, which can differ fundamentally from that can be based on correlation. A general reconstruction setting can be complicated by the presence of noise in the data, owing to the intrinsic variability of biological processes as well as experimental or measurement errors. To gain immunity to noise in the reconstruction performance, it is possible to use a shrinkage estimator. On synthetic data, the exemplary procedure can outperform currently known procedures and, for some real cancer datasets, there are biologically significant differences revealed by the exemplary reconstructed progressions. The exemplary system, method and computer accessible medium can be efficient even with a relatively low number of samples and its performance quickly converges to its asymptote as the number of samples increases.