Religion and Constitutional Identity: Hungary's and Poland's Difficult «Return to Europe» [Religione e identita costituzionale: il difficile «ritorno in Europa» di Ungheria e Polonia]

In some EU Member States, of which Hungary and Poland are shining examples, there is a growing tendency to place the protection of Christian values (or at least certain Christian values) at the center of historical cultural, political, social and legal traditions. These latter, as it is well known, contribute to identify the constitutional identity of a State, as foreseen in art. 4 TEU. Thus, the protection of these values ends up representing a possible opposition to the process of European integration and to its founding values, as the present situation of Hungary and Poland shows.