The first purpose of the work was to retrospectively analyze the organizational, economic and clinical impact of performing echocardiographic examinations in the hospital ward at the patient's bed using a portable echocardiograph and a certified sonographer with centralized reading of the exams by expert echocardiographers with respect to the organizational model that requires the transport of patients to the Echocardiography Laboratory for the execution of the echocardiographic examination. The second purpose was to prospectively assess the clinical and organizational impact of the latest generation ultra-mobile ultrasound scanners that have been adopted by cardiologists as part of consulting visits to inpatient patients. METHODS Historical data on the modality and time of transport of patients to the Echocardiography Laboratory were analyzed. This model was compared in economic terms and in clinical impact with the one involving bedside examinations, recorded by the sonographer. Information was also collected such as the need for repetition and / or completion at the Laboratory, recording any discrepancies or the added value of the examination carried out at the Laboratory. For the second purpose, cardiological consultations carried out in internist departments were recorded prospectively over a period of 2 months. Subsequently, the cardiologists who carried out the cardiological consultations were equipped with an ultra-mobile ultrasound system and for 5 months were recorded the method of use, the relapse in the management of the patient and what were the clinical conditions that instead required the execution of a complete echocardiogram by the sonographer or at the Laboratory. Finally, the savings in terms of hospitalization days and the economic impact of this management for the hospital are estimated, as the cardiological consultancy could be finalized on the spot. RESULTS The average duration of transport by operators of patients staying in the same hall of the Laboratory was equal to 26 ± 8 minutes. For transport by ambulance, the average duration of transport by the hospitalized patients in other pavilions with respect to the Laboratory was equal to 50 ± 11 minutes, with an average absence of the patient from the ward equal to 178 ± 77 minutes. During the year of observation of the sonographer's activity, 1,611 examinations were performed by the sonographer at the patient's bed, of which 26 (1.6%) were repeated in the Laboratory due to incompleteness or insufficient quality of the images acquired by the sonographer, without impact on the patient's clinical course. Calculating the costs of medical personnel and transport, the savings with the introduction of the sonographer were € 72,624.46 / year. In the 2-month survey, 95 cardiological consultations were requested which required echocardiographic information and which required a median of 4 days to be completed. Of the 187 cardiological consultations required including ultrasound information during the adoption period of the new ultrasound system, 66 (35%) were fulfilled on the spot using the ultra-mobile ultrasound system. The analysis performed by the hospital management control determined an average cost per day of hospitalization in an Internal Medicine ward of € 574.96. Having an estimated latency of about 4 days on the control group for the answer to a clinical question would lead to lengthening of the hospital stay, if limited only to the resolution of the cardiological question, equal to an avoidable cost of about € 2300. CONCLUSIONS The management model of the sonographer and the implementation during cardiological consultations of an evaluation with an ultra-mobile ultrasound system aimed at the clinical question has proved to be effective from an economic and clinical point of view.
Il primo scopo del lavoro è stato quello di analizzare retrospettivamente l’impatto organizzativo, economico e clinico dell’esecuzione degli esami ecocardiografici in reparto di degenza al letto del paziente utilizzando un ecocardiografo portatile e un sonographer con la lettura centralizzata degli esami da parte di medici ecocardiografisti esperti rispetto al modello organizzativo che prevede il trasporto dei pazienti presso il Laboratorio per l’esecuzione dell’esame ecocardiografico. Il secondo scopo è stato quello di valutare prospetticamente l’impatto clinico ed organizzativo di ecografi ultra-mobili di ultima generazione che sono stati adottati da parte da cardiologi nell’ambito delle visite di consulenza a pazienti degenti. METODI Sono stati analizzati dati storici sulla modalità e sui tempi di trasporto dei pazienti al Laboratorio di Ecocardiografia. Questo modello è stato confrontato in termini economici e di impatto clinico con quello che prevedeva gli esami al letto del paziente, registrati dal sonographer. Sono state raccolte anche informazioni quali la necessità di ripetizione e/o di completamento presso il Laboratorio registrando le eventuali discordanze. Per il secondo scopo sono state registrate prospetticamente nell’arco di 2 mesi tutte le consulenze cardiologiche effettuate in reparti internistici. Successivamente i cardiologi che espletavano le consulenze cardiologiche sono stati dotati di un ecografo ultra-mobile e per 5 mesi ne è stata registrata la modalità di utilizzo, la ricaduta nella gestione del paziente e quali fossero le condizioni cliniche che invece necessitavano comunque l’esecuzione di un ecocardiogramma completo da parte del sonographer o presso il Laboratorio. Sì è infine stimato il risparmio in termini di giornate di degenza e di impatto economico di tale gestione per l’Ospedale, in quanto la consulenza cardiologica poteva essere finalizzata sul momento. RISULTATI La durata media dei trasporti da parte di pedoni di pazienti degenti nello stesso padiglione del Laboratorio è stata pari a 26 ± 8 minuti. Per i trasporti in autoambulanza la durata media dei trasporti da parte dei lettighieri di pazienti degenti in altri padiglioni rispetto al Laboratorio è stata pari a 50 ± 11 minuti, con una assenza media del paziente dal reparto pari a 178±77 minuti. Nel corso dell’anno di rilevazione dell’attività del sonographer, sono stati eseguiti dal sonographer al letto del paziente 1.611 esami, di cui 26 (1,6%) sono stati ripetuti in Laboratorio per incompletezza o insufficiente qualità delle immagini acquisite dal sonographer, senza impatto sul decorso clinico del paziente. Calcolando i costi del personale medico e di trasporto, il risparmio con l’introduzione del sonographer è stato di € 72.624,46/anno. Nella rilevazione della durata di 2 mesi sono state richieste 95 consulenze cardiologiche che hanno necessitato l’informazione ecocardiografica e che hanno richiesto una mediana di tempo di 4 giorni per essere concluse. Delle 187 consulenze cardiologiche richieste comprensive di informazione ecografica nel periodo di adozione del nuovo ecografo, 66 (35%) sono state evase sul momento utilizzando l’ecografo ultra-mobile. L’analisi eseguita dal controllo di gestione dell’Ospedale ha determinato un costo medio di giornata di degenza in un reparto di Medicina Interna pari a € 574,96. Avere una latenza di circa 4 giorni stimata sul gruppo di controllo per la risposta ad un quesito clinico comporterebbe l’allungamento della degenza, se vincolata unicamente alla risoluzione del quesito cardiologico, pari a un costo evitabile di € 2300. CONCLUSIONI Il modello gestionale del sonographer e l'implementazione durante consulenze cardiologiche di una valutazione con ecografo ultra-mobile mirata al quesito clinico ha dimostrato di essere efficace dal punto di vista economico e clinico.
(2021). INTRODUZIONE DELLA FIGURA DEL SONOGRAPHER E DI ECOGRAFI ULTRA-MOBILI IN UN LABORATORIO DI ECOCARDIOGRAFIA: DAI RISVOLTI CLINICI A QUELLI ORGANIZZATIVI. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).
INTRODUZIONE DELLA FIGURA DEL SONOGRAPHER E DI ECOGRAFI ULTRA-MOBILI IN UN LABORATORIO DI ECOCARDIOGRAFIA: DAI RISVOLTI CLINICI A QUELLI ORGANIZZATIVI
DE CHIARA, BENEDETTA CARLA
2021
Abstract
The first purpose of the work was to retrospectively analyze the organizational, economic and clinical impact of performing echocardiographic examinations in the hospital ward at the patient's bed using a portable echocardiograph and a certified sonographer with centralized reading of the exams by expert echocardiographers with respect to the organizational model that requires the transport of patients to the Echocardiography Laboratory for the execution of the echocardiographic examination. The second purpose was to prospectively assess the clinical and organizational impact of the latest generation ultra-mobile ultrasound scanners that have been adopted by cardiologists as part of consulting visits to inpatient patients. METHODS Historical data on the modality and time of transport of patients to the Echocardiography Laboratory were analyzed. This model was compared in economic terms and in clinical impact with the one involving bedside examinations, recorded by the sonographer. Information was also collected such as the need for repetition and / or completion at the Laboratory, recording any discrepancies or the added value of the examination carried out at the Laboratory. For the second purpose, cardiological consultations carried out in internist departments were recorded prospectively over a period of 2 months. Subsequently, the cardiologists who carried out the cardiological consultations were equipped with an ultra-mobile ultrasound system and for 5 months were recorded the method of use, the relapse in the management of the patient and what were the clinical conditions that instead required the execution of a complete echocardiogram by the sonographer or at the Laboratory. Finally, the savings in terms of hospitalization days and the economic impact of this management for the hospital are estimated, as the cardiological consultancy could be finalized on the spot. RESULTS The average duration of transport by operators of patients staying in the same hall of the Laboratory was equal to 26 ± 8 minutes. For transport by ambulance, the average duration of transport by the hospitalized patients in other pavilions with respect to the Laboratory was equal to 50 ± 11 minutes, with an average absence of the patient from the ward equal to 178 ± 77 minutes. During the year of observation of the sonographer's activity, 1,611 examinations were performed by the sonographer at the patient's bed, of which 26 (1.6%) were repeated in the Laboratory due to incompleteness or insufficient quality of the images acquired by the sonographer, without impact on the patient's clinical course. Calculating the costs of medical personnel and transport, the savings with the introduction of the sonographer were € 72,624.46 / year. In the 2-month survey, 95 cardiological consultations were requested which required echocardiographic information and which required a median of 4 days to be completed. Of the 187 cardiological consultations required including ultrasound information during the adoption period of the new ultrasound system, 66 (35%) were fulfilled on the spot using the ultra-mobile ultrasound system. The analysis performed by the hospital management control determined an average cost per day of hospitalization in an Internal Medicine ward of € 574.96. Having an estimated latency of about 4 days on the control group for the answer to a clinical question would lead to lengthening of the hospital stay, if limited only to the resolution of the cardiological question, equal to an avoidable cost of about € 2300. CONCLUSIONS The management model of the sonographer and the implementation during cardiological consultations of an evaluation with an ultra-mobile ultrasound system aimed at the clinical question has proved to be effective from an economic and clinical point of view.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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