Mitochondrial diseases (MD) are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders that arise as a result of dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial functions are under the control of two different genomes: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear genome (nDNA). Childhood phenotypes are often associated with nDNA mutations; in recent years, new-generation sequencing technologies (Next Generation Sequencing-NGS) have identified novel causative genes; in collaboration with other centers we contributed to the definition of phenotype associated with the new identified disease genes. The application of this technique has also been extended to the study of mtDNA: even if more than 100 mutations and deletions in mtDNA have been described in association with an extremely heterogeneous spectrum of clinical presentations, only a few of them are associated with well-defined clinical syndromes in childhood. We performed a systematic evaluation of clinical, instrumental, metabolic and biochemical data of a large cohort of patients affected by the most common MD in childhood: Leigh syndrome. We analyzed in this population, genotype-phenotype correlation in nDNA and mtDNA gene associated cases in order to identify diagnostic clues for mtDNA related Leigh syndrome. In genetically unresolved cases and various phenotypes (Leigh syndrome, leukodystropy..), we performed mtDNA screening using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in order to assess, with high accuracy, point mutations and single or multiple large deletions, both in homoplasmic or heteroplasmic state. We identified both novel and known mutations associated to unexpected phenotype (i.e. CO3 gene). Our data better define and expand the phenotypic spectrum of mtDNA-MD in childhood.
Le malattie mitocondriali (MD) sono un gruppo clinicamente eterogeneo di patologie dovute al difetto di funzione dei mitocondri, in particolare della catena respiratoria mitocondriale (RC) e della fosforilazione ossidativa (OXPHOS). Le funzioni mitocondriali sono sotto il controllo di due diversi genomi: DNA mitocondriale (mtDNA) e genoma nucleare (nDNA). Le forme infantili sono più spesso associate a mutazioni nel nDNA; negli ultimi anni tecnologie di sequenziamento di nuova generazione (Next Generation Sequencing-NGS) hanno permesso di identificare nuovi geni malattia; in collaborazione con altri centri abbiamo contribuito alla definizione del fenotipo associato ai nuovi geni malattia identificati. L’applicazione di tale tecnica è stata estesa anche allo studio del mtDNA: anche se sono state descritte più di 100 mutazioni e delezioni nel mtDNA in associazione a uno spettro estremamente eterogeneo di presentazioni cliniche, solo alcune di esse sono associate a sindromi cliniche ben definite nell'infanzia. Abbiamo effettuato una valutazione sistematica dei dati clinici, strumentali, metabolici e biochimici di una vasta coorte di pazienti affetti dal MD più comune nell'infanzia: la sindrome di Leigh. Abbiamo analizzato in questa popolazione la correlazione genotipo-fenotipo nei casi associati al gene nDNA e mtDNA al fine di identificare indizi diagnostici per la sindrome di Leigh correlata al mtDNA. In casi geneticamente irrisolti e vari fenotipi (sindrome di Leigh, leucodistrofia ...), abbiamo eseguito lo screening del mtDNA utilizzando tecnologie di sequenziamento di nuova generazione (NGS) al fine di valutare, con elevata precisione, mutazioni puntiformi e delezioni singole o multiple di grandi dimensioni, entrambe in omoplasma o stato eteroplasmico. Abbiamo identificato mutazioni sia nuove che note associate a fenotipo inatteso (es. MTCO3). I nostri dati definiscono e ampliano meglio lo spettro fenotipico del mtDNA-MD nell'infanzia.
(2020). Mitochondrial diseases related to mtDNA in childhood: genotype-phenotype correlation and characterization of novel phenotypes. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020).
Mitochondrial diseases related to mtDNA in childhood: genotype-phenotype correlation and characterization of novel phenotypes
ARDISSONE, ANNA
2020
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MD) are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders that arise as a result of dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial functions are under the control of two different genomes: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear genome (nDNA). Childhood phenotypes are often associated with nDNA mutations; in recent years, new-generation sequencing technologies (Next Generation Sequencing-NGS) have identified novel causative genes; in collaboration with other centers we contributed to the definition of phenotype associated with the new identified disease genes. The application of this technique has also been extended to the study of mtDNA: even if more than 100 mutations and deletions in mtDNA have been described in association with an extremely heterogeneous spectrum of clinical presentations, only a few of them are associated with well-defined clinical syndromes in childhood. We performed a systematic evaluation of clinical, instrumental, metabolic and biochemical data of a large cohort of patients affected by the most common MD in childhood: Leigh syndrome. We analyzed in this population, genotype-phenotype correlation in nDNA and mtDNA gene associated cases in order to identify diagnostic clues for mtDNA related Leigh syndrome. In genetically unresolved cases and various phenotypes (Leigh syndrome, leukodystropy..), we performed mtDNA screening using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in order to assess, with high accuracy, point mutations and single or multiple large deletions, both in homoplasmic or heteroplasmic state. We identified both novel and known mutations associated to unexpected phenotype (i.e. CO3 gene). Our data better define and expand the phenotypic spectrum of mtDNA-MD in childhood.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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