The research project aims to explore in a comparative perspective the emerging field of self-employment representation in Italy and Germany. In doing so the traditional organizations and the new ones are the main focus as well their representation strategies. The research design is built on 9 phases: 1) the mapping of the organisations. 2) The interviews to experts in order to fine tune the borders of the mapping and to integrate it. 3) The selection of the organisations both in Italy and Germany according to common criteria. 4) The in-depth study through a multi-method approach (semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations). The multi-method approach has allowed to triangulate, contextualise and validate the data collected. 5) A further in depth study of six organisations through in depth interviews, ethnographies also through digital social networks 6) The archiving and coding through Atlas-ti of all the collected documentation. 7) The processing of coded data. 8) The analysis of the data processed and 9) The transversal phase based on the literature analysis. The theoretical approach is based on the idea that both new organisations and the traditional ones are involved in the same emerging strategic action field (Fligstein, 2001a; Fligstein & McAdam, 2012). The concept of field therefore is discussed starting from the seminal work of Pierre Bourdieu, passing through the theoretical approach promoted by the Neo-Institutionalist School. In particular, the concept of isomorphism (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983) has been considered. Bourdieu’s and Powell/Di Maggio works are part of the strong basement on which Fligstein and McAdam develop the idea of emerging strategic action fields. The general approach adopted with the theory of emerging strategic action fields has been complemented by the ethnographic perspective on complex organizations (Chap.3.3.1) proposed by Barbara Czarniawska (Czarniawska-Joerges, 1992; B. Czarniawska, 2004, 2009). The idea behind this choice is to go beyond the formal positions and declarations taken by the organisations studied in order to fully understand the reasons and motivations for the choices made and the positions expressed. In this regard, it was also fundamental to consider a classic approach to the study of organizations that focuses on the sensmaking process (Weick, 1979, 1995, 2009). In order to fully develop this approach it was necessary to consider both an emic and an ethical perspective (Harris, 1976) with respect to the subjects studied. In particular, the subject-oriented approach (Armano & Murgia, 2013) applied to the key actors of the selected organizations, has allowed to reconstruct the plurality of the existing perspectives within the organisations. The starting point of the fieldwork has been the mapping of the relevant organizations existing in Italy and Germany. This activity made it possible to bring as close as possible the universe of existing organisations and then select, on the basis of common criteria, the most relevant organisations. The birth of the organisations is the first dimension analysed. Moreover, according to the theoretical approach adopted the shapes, the structures, the rules governing the organisations as well as their resources have been considered. After that the representations strategies have been analysed and compared both within different organisations in the same countries and between similar organisations in Italy and Germany. After that the external environment populated by allies, enemies and other relevant players such as public institutions has been taken into account through the point of view of the key actors and through the analysis of documents. Finally the urban dimension, one of the relevant variable that influence the structuring process of self-employment representation has been considered.

Il progetto di ricerca si propone di esplorare in una prospettiva comparativa il campo emergente della rappresentanza del lavoro autonomo in Italia e Germania. Le nuove organizzazioni e quelle tradizionali, così come le loro strategie di rappresentanza costituiscono il focus dello studio. Il progetto di ricerca si articola in 9 fasi: 1) la mappatura delle organizzazioni. 2) Le interviste agli esperti per affinare i confini della mappatura e per integrarla. 3) La selezione delle organizzazioni, sia in Italia che in Germania, secondo criteri comuni. 4) Lo studio approfondito attraverso un approccio multi-method (interviste semi-strutturate, analisi documentale e osservazioni). L'approccio multi-method ha permesso di triangolare, contestualizzare e convalidare i dati raccolti. 5) Un ulteriore studio approfondito di sei organizzazioni attraverso interviste in profondità, etnografie anche attraverso i social network 6) L'archiviazione e la codifica attraverso Atlas-ti di tutta la documentazione raccolta. 7) Il trattamento dei dati codificati. 8) L'analisi dei dati elaborati 9) La fase trasversale basata sull'analisi della letteratura. L'approccio teorico si basa sull'idea che sia le nuove organizzazioni che quelle tradizionali siano coinvolte nello stesso campo d'azione strategico emergente (Fligstein, 2001a; Fligstein & McAdam, 2012). Il concetto di campo è quindi discusso a partire dal lavoro seminale di Pierre Bourdieu, passando per l'approccio teorico promosso dalla Scuola Neo-Instituzionalista. In particolare, è stato considerato il concetto di isomorfismo (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). I lavori di Bourdieu e Powell/Di Maggio costituiscono la solida base su cui Fligstein e McAdam sviluppano l'idea di campo d'azione strategica emergente. L'approccio generale adottato con la teoria dei campi d'azione strategica emergenti è stato integrato dalla prospettiva etnografica sulle organizzazioni complesse (cap.3.3.1) proposta da Barbara Czarniawska (Czarniawska-Joerges, 1992; B. Czarniawska, 2004, 2009). L'idea alla base di questa scelta è quella di andare oltre le posizioni e dichiarazioni formali assunte dalle organizzazioni studiate per comprendere appieno le ragioni e le motivazioni delle scelte operate e delle posizioni espresse. A questo proposito, è stato fondamentale considerare un approccio classico allo studio delle organizzazioni che si concentra sul processo di sensmaking (Weick, 1979, 1995, 2009). Per sviluppare appieno questo approccio è stato necessario considerare sia una prospettiva emica che etica (Harris, 1976) rispetto ai soggetti studiati. In particolare, l'approccio soggettivo (Armano & Murgia, 2013) applicato agli attori chiave delle organizzazioni selezionate, ha permesso di ricostruire la pluralità delle prospettive esistenti all'interno delle organizzazioni. Il punto di partenza del lavoro sul campo è stata la mappatura delle organizzazioni esistenti in Italia e in Germania. Questa attività ha permesso di avvicinare il più possibile l'universo delle organizzazioni esistenti e quindi di selezionare, sulla base di criteri comuni, le organizzazioni più pertinenti. La nascita delle organizzazioni è la prima dimensione analizzata. Inoltre, secondo l'approccio teorico adottato, sono state prese in considerazione le forme, le strutture, le regole che disciplinano le organizzazioni e le loro risorse. Successivamente le strategie di rappresentanza sono state analizzate. Il confronto è avvenuto sia fra organizzazioni diverse nello stesso paese tra organizzazioni simili in Italia e Germania. Successivamente, l'ambiente esterno, popolato da alleati, nemici e altri attori rilevanti come le istituzioni pubbliche, è stato preso in considerazione sia assumendo il punto di vista degli attori chiave che attraverso l'analisi dei documenti. Infine è stata considerata la dimensione urbana, una delle variabili rilevanti che influenzano il processo di strutturazione della rappresentazione del lavoro autonomo.

(2018). SELF-EMPLOYED COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION Strategies in emerging fields: a comparative perspective on Italy and Germany. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).

SELF-EMPLOYED COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION Strategies in emerging fields: a comparative perspective on Italy and Germany

BORGHI, PAOLO
2018

Abstract

The research project aims to explore in a comparative perspective the emerging field of self-employment representation in Italy and Germany. In doing so the traditional organizations and the new ones are the main focus as well their representation strategies. The research design is built on 9 phases: 1) the mapping of the organisations. 2) The interviews to experts in order to fine tune the borders of the mapping and to integrate it. 3) The selection of the organisations both in Italy and Germany according to common criteria. 4) The in-depth study through a multi-method approach (semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations). The multi-method approach has allowed to triangulate, contextualise and validate the data collected. 5) A further in depth study of six organisations through in depth interviews, ethnographies also through digital social networks 6) The archiving and coding through Atlas-ti of all the collected documentation. 7) The processing of coded data. 8) The analysis of the data processed and 9) The transversal phase based on the literature analysis. The theoretical approach is based on the idea that both new organisations and the traditional ones are involved in the same emerging strategic action field (Fligstein, 2001a; Fligstein & McAdam, 2012). The concept of field therefore is discussed starting from the seminal work of Pierre Bourdieu, passing through the theoretical approach promoted by the Neo-Institutionalist School. In particular, the concept of isomorphism (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983) has been considered. Bourdieu’s and Powell/Di Maggio works are part of the strong basement on which Fligstein and McAdam develop the idea of emerging strategic action fields. The general approach adopted with the theory of emerging strategic action fields has been complemented by the ethnographic perspective on complex organizations (Chap.3.3.1) proposed by Barbara Czarniawska (Czarniawska-Joerges, 1992; B. Czarniawska, 2004, 2009). The idea behind this choice is to go beyond the formal positions and declarations taken by the organisations studied in order to fully understand the reasons and motivations for the choices made and the positions expressed. In this regard, it was also fundamental to consider a classic approach to the study of organizations that focuses on the sensmaking process (Weick, 1979, 1995, 2009). In order to fully develop this approach it was necessary to consider both an emic and an ethical perspective (Harris, 1976) with respect to the subjects studied. In particular, the subject-oriented approach (Armano & Murgia, 2013) applied to the key actors of the selected organizations, has allowed to reconstruct the plurality of the existing perspectives within the organisations. The starting point of the fieldwork has been the mapping of the relevant organizations existing in Italy and Germany. This activity made it possible to bring as close as possible the universe of existing organisations and then select, on the basis of common criteria, the most relevant organisations. The birth of the organisations is the first dimension analysed. Moreover, according to the theoretical approach adopted the shapes, the structures, the rules governing the organisations as well as their resources have been considered. After that the representations strategies have been analysed and compared both within different organisations in the same countries and between similar organisations in Italy and Germany. After that the external environment populated by allies, enemies and other relevant players such as public institutions has been taken into account through the point of view of the key actors and through the analysis of documents. Finally the urban dimension, one of the relevant variable that influence the structuring process of self-employment representation has been considered.
MINGIONE, TERENZIO ROBERTO
LOHR, KARIN
lavoro autonomo; rappresentanza; organizzazioni; teoria dei campi; sensemaking
self-employment; representation; organisations; field theory; sensemaking
SPS/10 - SOCIOLOGIA DELL'AMBIENTE E DEL TERRITORIO
English
5-nov-2018
URBEUR_QUASI, CITTA' E SOCIETA' DELL'INFORMAZIONE - 83R
29
2015/2016
HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN - HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN
open
(2018). SELF-EMPLOYED COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION Strategies in emerging fields: a comparative perspective on Italy and Germany. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/241191
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