Background: Current knowledge on the effects of psychopathology during pregnancy and postpartum on offspring mental outcome is very poor and mainly focused on anxiety and depressive disorders. Personality disorders are less investigated. Borderline and Antisocial PDs are especially considered, but the other PDs are too often neglected. Aim: The aim of the present project drifts towards the identification of possible consequences in offspring, due to maternal psychopathology, particularly personality disorders. Moreover, we will try to identify eventual mediators within personality causal role if any. Methods: 108 women from Perinatal Psychiatric Department (“LUCE”), 152 from Outpatients Psychiatric Department who had no specific issues towards their children or motherhood (OUTPTS) and 198 healthy controls (HC) were tested with EPDS, BAI, BDI, WHOQOL and CTQ. Their children were tested with CBCL. Results: “LUCE” and OUTPTS women did not differ from a diagnostic, socioeconomic and pharmacological point of view. Children of “LUCE” patients showed issues in all the domains both at a borderline and clinical level, while children of OUTPTS patients had only issues in few domains and at a borderline level. Clinical issues are shown especially by children of mothers affected by Passive-aggressive, Paranoid, Narcissistic&Borderline, Obsessive-Compulsive and Narcissistic PDs. In particular, children of PA mothers seemed more emotionally reactive, those of N+B mothers more prone to withdrawn. Children of Passive-Aggressive PD mothers show significance in most of the clinical domains compared to SCID_II-NEG. In particular, it is interesting to underline significance in clinical anxiety/depression, withdrawn and aggressive behavior. Children of Narcissistic mothers have significantly more clinical attention problems while children of Obsessive-Compulsive PD mothers have significantly more clinical anxiety/depression and somatic complaints. Clinical withdrawn differences children of mothers with several PDs compared to those of SCID_II-NEG mothers. Children of “LUCE”-EPDS+ showed clinical issues in all the domains. EPDS mediation in “LUCE” children showed a significant higher level of clinical withdrawn. An in-depth analysis of the role of EPDS in comparing children of SCID_II-NEG and each PDs (possible at a clinical level only in “LUCE”) showed significance in anxiety/depression between PARA or PA and SCID_II-NEG and in aggressive behavior between PA and SCID_II-NEG. A further analysis showed lack of significant differences in any CBCL domain in each PDs if EPDS+ and – were compared. Conclusion: The present study aimed at investigating possible psychic effects in offspring of mothers affected by personality disorders due to maternal psychopathology. We selected psychiatric patients both from Perinatal and Outpatients Departments and healthy controls. A comparison among their children let to highlight two main preliminary conclusion: children of mothers with PDs have worse outcomes and children of mothers with a psychic sufferance in the peripartum have a worse profile compared with those of mothers with the same diagnosis and pharmacological treatment. The mediation of a positivity for the risk of developing postpartum depression does not seem enough to justify such results. Albeit women with that positivity have children that show higher sufferance, it is the difficulty in mother-child bond or toward motherhood (expressed by women admitted to Perinatal Department) that constitute the best explanation to their children higher difficulties. Our results suggest and stress the importance of an early identification and treatment of mothers with psychic sufferance during pregnancy in order to prevent or at least reduce their children psychic outcomes.
Premesse: Le conoscenze attuali sugli effetti della psicopatologia durante la gravidanza e il postpartum sull'esito mentale nella prole sono molto scarse e si concentrano principalmente su ansia e disturbi depressivi. I disturbi della personalità sono meno indagati. I disturbi borderline e antisociali DP sono quelli maggiormente considerati, sebbene poco analizzati, ma gli altri risultano troppo spesso trascurati. Scopo: L'obiettivo del presente progetto è orientato all'identificazione delle possibili conseguenze nella prole, a causa della psicopatologia materna, in particolare dei disturbi di personalità. Inoltre, cercheremo di identificare eventuali mediatori rispetto all’effetto della personalità, se presenti. Metodi: 108 donne dell’ ambulatorio psichiatrico perinatale ("LUCE"), 152 del CPS, che non hanno avuto problemi specifici nei confronti dei loro figli o maternità (OUTPTS), e 198 controlli sani (HC) sono stati testati con EPDS, BAI, BDI, WHOQOL e CTQ. I loro bambini sono stati testati con CBCL. Risultati: Le donne "LUCE" e OUTPTS non differivano da un punto di vista diagnostico, socioeconomico o farmacologico. I bambini "LUCE" presentavano problemi in tutti i domini sia a livello borderline che clinico, mentre i bambini di OUTPTS avevano difficoltá in pochi domini e ad un livello borderline. I bambini di madri passivo-aggressive sembravano emotivamente più reattivi, quelli delle madri narcisiste&borderline più inclini al ritiro. I bambini di madri passivo-aggressive mostrano una positivitá significativamente maggiore nella maggior parte dei domini clinici rispetto a quelli di madri senza DP, soprattutto ansia/depressione clinica, comportamento ritirato o aggressivo. I bambini delle madri narcisistiche hanno problemi di attenzione ad un livello clinico significativamente maggiori mentre i figli delle madri con disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo DP hanno significativamente più ansia/depressione e disturbi somatici. Un distacco clinicamente significativo differenzia i bambini di madri con differenti PD rispetto a quelle delle madri senza PD. La mediazione EPDS nei bambini "LUCE" ha evidenziato un livello significativamente più alto di ritiro clinico. Un'analisi approfondita del ruolo dell'EPDS nel confrontare i bambini di SCID_II-NEG e di ciascun PD (possibile a livello clinico solo in "LUCE") ha mostrato significato nell'ansia/depressione tra figli di donne con DP paranoide o passivo-aggressivo e SCID_II- NEG e comportamento aggressivo tra passivo-aggressivo e SCID_II-NEG. Un'ulteriore analisi ha mostrato la mancanza di differenze significative in qualsiasi dominio CBCL in ogni PD se EPDS + e - vengono confrontati . Conclusioni: Il presente studio ha lo scopo di indagare i possibili effetti psichici, dovuti alla psicopatologia materna, nella prole di madri affette da disturbi della personalità. Abbiamo selezionato pazienti psichiatrici sia da ambulatori di psichiatria perinatale che territoriali e controlli sani. Un confronto tra i loro figli permette due conclusioni preliminari: i figli di madri con PD hanno esiti peggiori e i figli di madri con una sofferenza psichica nel peripartum hanno un profilo peggiore rispetto a quelli di madri con la stessa diagnosi e trattamento farmacologico. La mediazione di una positività per il rischio di sviluppare una depressione postpartum non sembra sufficiente a giustificare tali risultati. Anche se le donne con quella positività hanno figli che mostrano una maggiore sofferenza, è la difficoltà nel legame madre-figlio o verso la maternità (espressa dalle donne in carico al Dipartimento perinatale) che costituiscono la migliore spiegazione delle maggiori difficoltà dei loro figli. I nostri risultati suggeriscono e sottolineano l'importanza di una rapida identificazione e trattamento delle madri con sofferenza psichica durante la gravidanza al fine di prevenire o almeno ridurre gli esiti psichici nei figli.
(2019). MATERNAL PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND THEIR OUTCOMES IN THE OFFSPRING. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).
MATERNAL PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND THEIR OUTCOMES IN THE OFFSPRING
di GIACOMO, ESTER
2019
Abstract
Background: Current knowledge on the effects of psychopathology during pregnancy and postpartum on offspring mental outcome is very poor and mainly focused on anxiety and depressive disorders. Personality disorders are less investigated. Borderline and Antisocial PDs are especially considered, but the other PDs are too often neglected. Aim: The aim of the present project drifts towards the identification of possible consequences in offspring, due to maternal psychopathology, particularly personality disorders. Moreover, we will try to identify eventual mediators within personality causal role if any. Methods: 108 women from Perinatal Psychiatric Department (“LUCE”), 152 from Outpatients Psychiatric Department who had no specific issues towards their children or motherhood (OUTPTS) and 198 healthy controls (HC) were tested with EPDS, BAI, BDI, WHOQOL and CTQ. Their children were tested with CBCL. Results: “LUCE” and OUTPTS women did not differ from a diagnostic, socioeconomic and pharmacological point of view. Children of “LUCE” patients showed issues in all the domains both at a borderline and clinical level, while children of OUTPTS patients had only issues in few domains and at a borderline level. Clinical issues are shown especially by children of mothers affected by Passive-aggressive, Paranoid, Narcissistic&Borderline, Obsessive-Compulsive and Narcissistic PDs. In particular, children of PA mothers seemed more emotionally reactive, those of N+B mothers more prone to withdrawn. Children of Passive-Aggressive PD mothers show significance in most of the clinical domains compared to SCID_II-NEG. In particular, it is interesting to underline significance in clinical anxiety/depression, withdrawn and aggressive behavior. Children of Narcissistic mothers have significantly more clinical attention problems while children of Obsessive-Compulsive PD mothers have significantly more clinical anxiety/depression and somatic complaints. Clinical withdrawn differences children of mothers with several PDs compared to those of SCID_II-NEG mothers. Children of “LUCE”-EPDS+ showed clinical issues in all the domains. EPDS mediation in “LUCE” children showed a significant higher level of clinical withdrawn. An in-depth analysis of the role of EPDS in comparing children of SCID_II-NEG and each PDs (possible at a clinical level only in “LUCE”) showed significance in anxiety/depression between PARA or PA and SCID_II-NEG and in aggressive behavior between PA and SCID_II-NEG. A further analysis showed lack of significant differences in any CBCL domain in each PDs if EPDS+ and – were compared. Conclusion: The present study aimed at investigating possible psychic effects in offspring of mothers affected by personality disorders due to maternal psychopathology. We selected psychiatric patients both from Perinatal and Outpatients Departments and healthy controls. A comparison among their children let to highlight two main preliminary conclusion: children of mothers with PDs have worse outcomes and children of mothers with a psychic sufferance in the peripartum have a worse profile compared with those of mothers with the same diagnosis and pharmacological treatment. The mediation of a positivity for the risk of developing postpartum depression does not seem enough to justify such results. Albeit women with that positivity have children that show higher sufferance, it is the difficulty in mother-child bond or toward motherhood (expressed by women admitted to Perinatal Department) that constitute the best explanation to their children higher difficulties. Our results suggest and stress the importance of an early identification and treatment of mothers with psychic sufferance during pregnancy in order to prevent or at least reduce their children psychic outcomes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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