The thesis dealt with the analysis of the trial implications of the burden of evidence within the jurisdictional verification of the party. To fully analyze the theme, the layout’s project has been divided into three chapters. In the first, starting from the consideration of general theories in relation to subjective juridical situations and deontic modalities, the paper leaned over those doctrinal positions which, by denying an autonomous juridical identity to the burden figure, considered it appropriate to configure it as a structural element of the complex cases of power. In the second chapter, along an observation more specifically related to the trial’s dynamics, we proceeded to observe how the burden of evidence acquires a central role in cognitive verifications where, on the one hand, it describes the subjective situation of power exercised by the actor claiming a right in the judgment, and, for the other, implies the rule of judgment that directs the decision in the case in which, once the proof assessment has been completed, remains the uncertainty about the state of the material situations to be verified. The election place which the principle of the burden of evidence finds its natural place is the civil process. Here, in keeping with the device principle, by virtue of the different decision-making standard of the prevailing probability, the opportunity to introduce or not the evidence supporting the alleged claim remains a free choice of the party who, to obtain a sentence in his favor, have to attach the proof. During the third chapter, we proceeded to analyze how, in the criminal trial, however, considering the unavailability of the matter, we can not speak of a evidential burden for the accusation, but a duty of evidence by virtue of the legislative art. 112 of the Constitution. Accordingly, therefore, the public prosecutor is not free to present the request, but he has the obligation to do this when the conditions are met. At the same time, he therefore has a corresponding duty of evidence in support of the indictment for the verification of the proceedings (continuation of the prosecution). Therefore, once the preliminary hearing is over, the public prosecutor does not hold a position of power in relation to the evidence; rather, he has a duty to prove that in the event of failure to comply he must be legally sanctioned and can not simply be compensated by the judge. In this case, his intervention would be an abusive exercise by the judge of power to acquire evidence by himself. Lastly, this last aspect offered the opportunity to observe how the the art. 507 c.p.p. can work without affecting the impartiality of the judgment. Reasonable doubt, in the assessment area defined by the presumption of innocence, can not be based on a probative framework left not complete for a negligent or inexperienced behavior of the public prosecutor, incomplete compared to the available trial experiments and therefore adductible to the trial.
La tesi si è occupata dell’analisi dei risvolti processuali dell’onere della prova all’interno degli accertamenti giurisdizionali di parte. Per analizzare compiutamente il tema, l’impianto dell’elaborato è stato articolato in tre capitoli. Nel primo, partendo dalla considerazione delle teorie generali in ordine alle situazioni giuridiche soggettive e alle modalità deontiche, si è proteso per quelle posizioni dottrinali che, negando un’autonoma identità giuridica alla figura di onere, hanno ritenuto opportuno configurarlo come un elemento di struttura delle fattispecie complesse di potere. Nel secondo capitolo, lungo un’osservazione più specificamente calata nelle dinamiche processuali, si è proceduto ad osservare come l’onere della prova acquisti un ruolo centrale nelle verifiche cognitive laddove, per un verso, esso descrive la situazione soggettiva di potere esercitata dall’attore che rivendica nel giudizio un proprio diritto, e, per l’altro, implica la regola di giudizio che orienta la decisione nel caso in cui, terminato l’accertamento, permanga l’incertezza sullo stato delle situazioni materiali da verificare. Il luogo di elezione in cui il principio dell’onere della prova ha trovato la sua collocazione naturale è il processo civile. Qui, vigendo il principio dispositivo, in virtù del diverso standard decisorio della probabilità prevalente, l’opportunità di introdurre o meno i mezzi di prova a sostegno della pretesa attorea resta una libera scelta della parte che, per ottenere una pronuncia in proprio favore, deve, appunto, onerarsi di allegare la prova. Nel corso del terzo capitolo, si è proceduto ad analizzare come nel processo penale, invece, considerata l’indisponibilità della materia, non si possa parlare di un onere per l’accusa, ma di un dovere di prova in virtù del portato normativo dell’art. 112 Cost. In base ad esso, quindi, il pubblico ministero non è libero di presentare la domanda, ma ha l’obbligo di farlo quando ne ricorrono i presupposti. Al contempo, egli ha dunque un corrispettivo dovere di prova in sostegno dell’imputazione per la verifica dibattimentale (prosecuzione dell’azione). Dunque, una volta superata l’udienza preliminare, il pubblico ministero non è titolare, rispetto all’adduzione dei mezzi di prova, di una posizione di potere; piuttosto egli ha un dovere di prova che in caso di mancato assolvimento dovrà essere giuridicamente sanzionato e non potrà semplicemente essere supplito da quello che, in questo caso, si rivelerebbe come un abusivo esercizio da parte del giudice del potere di acquisire la prova d’ufficio. Quest’ultimo aspetto, infine, ha offerto lo spunto per osservare in che modo possa definirsi la portata dell’art. 507 c.p.p. senza intaccare l’imparzialità del giudizio. Il dubbio ragionevole, nell’area dell’accertamento definita dalla presunzione di innocenza, non può attagliarsi su un quadro probatorio rimasto, per negligenza o per imperizia dell’accusatore pubblico, incompleto rispetto agli esperimenti di prova disponibili e dunque adducibili al processo.
(2019). L'onere della prova nel processo penale. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).
L'onere della prova nel processo penale
TAVASSI, LUDOVICA
2019
Abstract
The thesis dealt with the analysis of the trial implications of the burden of evidence within the jurisdictional verification of the party. To fully analyze the theme, the layout’s project has been divided into three chapters. In the first, starting from the consideration of general theories in relation to subjective juridical situations and deontic modalities, the paper leaned over those doctrinal positions which, by denying an autonomous juridical identity to the burden figure, considered it appropriate to configure it as a structural element of the complex cases of power. In the second chapter, along an observation more specifically related to the trial’s dynamics, we proceeded to observe how the burden of evidence acquires a central role in cognitive verifications where, on the one hand, it describes the subjective situation of power exercised by the actor claiming a right in the judgment, and, for the other, implies the rule of judgment that directs the decision in the case in which, once the proof assessment has been completed, remains the uncertainty about the state of the material situations to be verified. The election place which the principle of the burden of evidence finds its natural place is the civil process. Here, in keeping with the device principle, by virtue of the different decision-making standard of the prevailing probability, the opportunity to introduce or not the evidence supporting the alleged claim remains a free choice of the party who, to obtain a sentence in his favor, have to attach the proof. During the third chapter, we proceeded to analyze how, in the criminal trial, however, considering the unavailability of the matter, we can not speak of a evidential burden for the accusation, but a duty of evidence by virtue of the legislative art. 112 of the Constitution. Accordingly, therefore, the public prosecutor is not free to present the request, but he has the obligation to do this when the conditions are met. At the same time, he therefore has a corresponding duty of evidence in support of the indictment for the verification of the proceedings (continuation of the prosecution). Therefore, once the preliminary hearing is over, the public prosecutor does not hold a position of power in relation to the evidence; rather, he has a duty to prove that in the event of failure to comply he must be legally sanctioned and can not simply be compensated by the judge. In this case, his intervention would be an abusive exercise by the judge of power to acquire evidence by himself. Lastly, this last aspect offered the opportunity to observe how the the art. 507 c.p.p. can work without affecting the impartiality of the judgment. Reasonable doubt, in the assessment area defined by the presumption of innocence, can not be based on a probative framework left not complete for a negligent or inexperienced behavior of the public prosecutor, incomplete compared to the available trial experiments and therefore adductible to the trial.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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