Adolescents living with Specific Learning Disabilities (AID, 2007; PAARC, 2011; ICD10; DSM-V) present a major risk of learning failure and developing psychopathological disease (Vecchini, 2012). Research approach of cognitive research deal with remediation and empowerment through intervention based on deficit enforcement (Cornoldi 2007; 2013), while support in school is bases on assistive tools and dispensative measures (L170/2010). There is a huge attention on the technical obstacle, disregarding well being of the person in learning context and neglecting active involvement of adolescents themselves, who often refuse aids offered. Present research is aimed to restore “right to talk” to adolescents with SLD, considering those “living-with” dyslexia as co-researchers. In international literature, we followed a research line about lived experiences of people with SLD, also to detect protection and risk factors (WHO, 2007; McNulty, 2003; Macdonald, 2009; Ruggerini, 2017); some authors highlight a gap in research and recommend further studies gaining from “ethical voice” and “wise” of individual subjects living with SLD (Pollak, 2005; Goode, 2007). Main question of research is: how Italian adolescents living-with SLD live with this condition, in particular in school context? It is also intended to explore how they live relationships with adults and peer regarding SLD, which strategies they use, and risk and protection factors (WHO, 2007). Theoretical framework of the research is based on a socio-constructivist and ecological paradigm, aimed to change focus from the “specific characteristic” of a single individual to the social context in which person with SLD interact (MacDonald, 2009; WHO, 2007), also considering Disability studies’ approach (Medeghini et al. 2015). Methodology adopted is Interpretative Phenomenological Analisys (Smith et al., 2009) for data collection and for analysis, both for single interviews and for transversal building of meaning labels (Mortari, 2010), using also the quarter of the Clinica della Formazione (Cappa, 2014), There were selected, with a un purposive sampling, 25 adolescents with SLD 10 to 17 year-old, involved in extra-school empowerment activities and support meeting group for SLD at Cooperative Social Talenti fra le nuvole ONLUS. To safeguard ethical aspects, both parents and teenagers involved signed a specific informed paper. Interviews, developed in two iterative parts and returned to participants, developed meanings of lived experiences and were triangulated (Sità, 2012). Results highlight different emerging themes: SLD diagnosis; SLD perception; personal strategies and tools to afford SLD; relationships with peers, with regard to disclosure; relationship, attitudes and strategies proposed by teachers and parents. Some factor protections emerge, such as family, relationship with teacher and peer, early diagnosis, understanding SLD and disclosure. Critical areas are stressed too: missing or miscommunication of diagnosis of SLD; not affording the theme SLD in class by teachers. Results of the research allow a deep comprehension of phenomenon and an orientation in affording similar phenomena; moreover, it opens future perspectives such as the use of phenomenological interview as an instrument of research-intervention in learning contexts; results can be used for teacher and parents’ training in critical-reflexive perspective.
Gli adolescenti con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (AID, 2007; PAARC, 2011; DSM-V) presentano un maggior rischio di insuccesso e di psicopatologie in comorbidità (Vecchini, 2012). L’approccio di ricerca della psicologia cognitiva si occupa di riabilitazione basati sul potenziamento delle abilità deficitarie (Cornoldi 2007; 2013), mentre il supporto scolastico si basa sull’uso di strumenti compensativi e misure dispensative (L170/2010). Si nota nell’approccio professionale al DSA un’eccessiva focalizzazione sul disturbo, sottovalutando di fatto il benessere della persona nel contesto di apprendimento, e trascurando il coinvolgimento attivo degli stessi ragazzi con DSA, che spesso rifiutano i supporti offerti. La presente ricerca si propone di restituire “diritto di parola” ai ragazzi con DSA, considerando chi “vive con il DSA” come i soggetti assieme ai quali svolgere la ricerca. Nella letteratura italiana e internazionale si rileva una linea di ricerca che pone al centro storie di vita dei soggetti con DSA, anche per individuare fattori di protezione e di vulnerabilità (WHO, 2007; McNulty, 2003; Macdonald, 2009; Ruggerini, 2017); alcuni autori evidenziano però un gap di ricerca, raccomandando ulteriori studi che attingano alla voce e alla “saggezza” dell’esperienza dei soggetti con DSA (Pollak, 2005; Goode, 2007). La domanda di ricerca è: come gli adolescenti italiani con DSA vivono tale condizione, in particolare nei contesti educativi? Si intende inoltre indagare come gli adolescenti vivono le relazioni con adulti e pari rispetto al DSA; quali modalità essi mettono in atto nei diversi contesti, e infine quali fattori di protezione e di rischio (WHO, 2007) sono individuabili. Il framework teorico prescelto si basa sul paradigma socio-costruttivista ed ecologico, con l’obiettivo di spostarsi dalla prospettiva di disturbo come “specifica caratteristica” individuale alla dimensione del contesto sociale con cui la persona interagisce (MacDonald, 2009; WHO, 2007), avvalendosi anche dell’apporto dei disability studies (Medeghini, 2014). La metodologia fa riferimento all’Interpretative Phenomenological Analisys (Smith et al., 2009) per la raccolta dei dati e per l’analisi, che viene svolta sia per i singoli casi, che per una trasversale costruzione di etichette di significati (Mortari, 2010), anche con l’ausilio del quadrante della Clinica della formazione (Cappa, 2014). Sono stati selezionati, con un purposive sampling, 25 adolescenti con DSA dai 10 ai 17 anni, partecipanti alle attività di potenziamento e a gruppi di confronto per ragazzi DSA della cooperativa sociale Talenti fra le nuvole ONLUS. Per tutelare gli aspetti etici, sia i genitori che i ragazzi coinvolti hanno firmato specifico consenso informato. Le interviste, svolte in due fasi ricorsive e restituite ai partecipanti, hanno approfondito i significati dell’esperienza e triangolato l’interpretazione (Sità, 2012). I risultati evidenziano diversi temi: la diagnosi del DSA; la percezione del DSA; strategie e strumenti personali per affrontare il DSA; le relazioni con i pari, in particolare rispetto alla disclosure; relazione, atteggiamenti, strategie proposte da insegnanti e genitori. Vengono evidenziati alcuni fattori di protezione, quali la famiglia, la relazione con gli insegnanti e con i pari, la diagnosi precoce, la comprensione del DSA e la sua disclosure. Vengono altresì evidenziate aree di criticità: modalità di comunicazione ai ragazzi della certificazione di DSA dopo la diagnosi e mancanza di una tematizzazione del DSA in classe da parte degli insegnanti. I risultati della ricerca consentono una comprensione profonda del fenomeno, oltre ad aprire prospettive future, quali l’utilizzo dell’intervista fenomenologica come strumento di ricerca-intervento utile nei contesti educativi; e l’utilizzo dei risultati per la formazione di insegnanti e genitori in prospettiva critico-riflessiva.
(2019). La voce degli adolescenti con DSA. Vivere, dar senso e affrontare il DSA nei contesti educativi.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).
La voce degli adolescenti con DSA. Vivere, dar senso e affrontare il DSA nei contesti educativi.
LAMPUGNANI, GIULIA
2019
Abstract
Adolescents living with Specific Learning Disabilities (AID, 2007; PAARC, 2011; ICD10; DSM-V) present a major risk of learning failure and developing psychopathological disease (Vecchini, 2012). Research approach of cognitive research deal with remediation and empowerment through intervention based on deficit enforcement (Cornoldi 2007; 2013), while support in school is bases on assistive tools and dispensative measures (L170/2010). There is a huge attention on the technical obstacle, disregarding well being of the person in learning context and neglecting active involvement of adolescents themselves, who often refuse aids offered. Present research is aimed to restore “right to talk” to adolescents with SLD, considering those “living-with” dyslexia as co-researchers. In international literature, we followed a research line about lived experiences of people with SLD, also to detect protection and risk factors (WHO, 2007; McNulty, 2003; Macdonald, 2009; Ruggerini, 2017); some authors highlight a gap in research and recommend further studies gaining from “ethical voice” and “wise” of individual subjects living with SLD (Pollak, 2005; Goode, 2007). Main question of research is: how Italian adolescents living-with SLD live with this condition, in particular in school context? It is also intended to explore how they live relationships with adults and peer regarding SLD, which strategies they use, and risk and protection factors (WHO, 2007). Theoretical framework of the research is based on a socio-constructivist and ecological paradigm, aimed to change focus from the “specific characteristic” of a single individual to the social context in which person with SLD interact (MacDonald, 2009; WHO, 2007), also considering Disability studies’ approach (Medeghini et al. 2015). Methodology adopted is Interpretative Phenomenological Analisys (Smith et al., 2009) for data collection and for analysis, both for single interviews and for transversal building of meaning labels (Mortari, 2010), using also the quarter of the Clinica della Formazione (Cappa, 2014), There were selected, with a un purposive sampling, 25 adolescents with SLD 10 to 17 year-old, involved in extra-school empowerment activities and support meeting group for SLD at Cooperative Social Talenti fra le nuvole ONLUS. To safeguard ethical aspects, both parents and teenagers involved signed a specific informed paper. Interviews, developed in two iterative parts and returned to participants, developed meanings of lived experiences and were triangulated (Sità, 2012). Results highlight different emerging themes: SLD diagnosis; SLD perception; personal strategies and tools to afford SLD; relationships with peers, with regard to disclosure; relationship, attitudes and strategies proposed by teachers and parents. Some factor protections emerge, such as family, relationship with teacher and peer, early diagnosis, understanding SLD and disclosure. Critical areas are stressed too: missing or miscommunication of diagnosis of SLD; not affording the theme SLD in class by teachers. Results of the research allow a deep comprehension of phenomenon and an orientation in affording similar phenomena; moreover, it opens future perspectives such as the use of phenomenological interview as an instrument of research-intervention in learning contexts; results can be used for teacher and parents’ training in critical-reflexive perspective.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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