In disaster research literature (an academic field which can include sociology, anthropology and geography) I came across a sort of “knowing more and losing more” paradox: despite an immense growth of risk-related knowledge systems it has been noted that insufficient progress has been made in converting research findings into practical Disaster Risk Management applications. In parallel, both academic literature and International and national policies and reports have pointed out the need to engage with local actors and acknowledge for local knowledges in risk management. Furthermore, some sociologists have also recently developed some theoretical frameworks to account for adaptive and inclusive approaches to risk governance. Local knowledge is sometimes brought into both academic and policy discourse but practical ways to include it into the flood risk governance have not yet been outlined. Flood risk management can work as a paradigmatic topic because flood risk is often deemed by environmental scientist as a “known risk” but paradoxically floods are the most frequently experienced disasters in Europe. Furthermore, the 2007 EU Floods Directive theoretically built a common European scenario for flood risk management, within a flood risk governance perspective. Therefore, my idea was to focus on (and unpack) the concept of local knowledge as a way to tackle flood risk. Indeed, the aim of my work (linked to my research question) is to point out how local knowledges can be integrated into flood risk governance as played out in context of natural flood management. My two case-studies, two natural flood management processes, worked as “best practices” within an integrated EU flood risk governance framework to explore and partially explain how the inclusion of local knowledges can be achieved within a risk governance approach. To collect my data, I’ve undertaken 22 semi-structured interviews or walking interviews for each case study. I’ve used critical discourse analysis and thematic analysis to interpret relevant policies, field notes and the coded interviews. Just a few words about my case studies: one is a community and event-driven natural flood management process (following the 2007 major floods occurred in England) largely promoted by local flood action groups in South West England. The other process is a EU LIFE+ participatory process implementing river restoration solutions in North Italy. Both have resulted in the implementation of similar nature-based solutions to reduce peak flow for flood risk mitigation, engaging with local stakeholder and including local knowledges in the projects. The comparison will provide evidence to enhance an inclusive flood risk governance, and therefore enrich both the concepts of “risk” and “local knowledge”. This might have also the potential to bridge current European flood risk policies, laypeople knowledges and academic research, as played out in opportunity of natural flood management. Key findings show how broader definition of local knowledge and flood risk are needed to account for the diverse actors’ perspectives. A situated hybridised local knowledge should be considered in engaging with local actors, whose inclusion in an adaptive co-management framework should be foreseen to enhance flood risk governance at local level. The implementation of nature-based solutions can result in such inclusive and adaptive local risk governance framework.

Nella letteratura accademica che affonda le radici nella cosiddetta disaster research mi sono imbattuto in un quello che è stato definito “il paradosso della conoscenza”: nonostante un'enorme produzione di conoscenza sul tema del rischio, è stato notato come siano ancora decisamente insufficienti i progressi raggiunti nel tradurre i risultati della ricerca accademica in applicazioni pratiche per la gestione di rischi e disastri. Parallelamente, sia la letteratura accademica sia le policy a livello internazionale e nazionale hanno evidenziato la necessità di includere attori e conoscenze locali nella gestione del rischio. Inoltre, alcuni sociologi hanno recentemente sviluppato alcuni framework teorico-applicativi per approcci inclusivi alla governance del rischio, senza però approfondire come includere le conoscenze locali. La gestione del rischio alluvione può risultare paradigmatica in tal senso, perché il rischio idraulico viene spesso considerato dagli scienziati ambientali come un “rischio noto”, ma paradossalmente le alluvioni sono tuttora le catastrofi più frequenti e più dannose in Europa. Inoltre, la direttiva europea sulle alluvioni del 2007 ha teoricamente costruito uno scenario europeo comune per la gestione del rischio alluvione, in una prospettiva di governance del rischio alluvione. A tal proposito, mi sono concentrato sul concetto di conoscenza locale come “lente” per affrontare il rischio idraulico. In breve, l'obiettivo del mio lavoro (legato alla mia domanda di ricerca) è quello di indagare come le conoscenze locali possano essere integrate nella governance del rischio di alluvione, riferendomi in particolare ai contesti di gestione “naturale” delle alluvioni. I miei due casi studio (due processi di gestione “naturale” delle alluvioni) sono stati utilizzati come “buone pratiche”, in un quadro integrato di governance del rischio idraulico a livello Comunitario, per esplorare e parzialmente spiegare come sia possibile integrare le conoscenze locali in un quadro di governance del rischio. Riguardo alla metodologia, ho condotto 22 interviste semi-strutturate per ogni caso studio (alcune effettuate seguendo la tecnica delle “walking interview”). Ho utilizzato la “critical discourse analysis” e l'analisi tematica per interpretare le policy rilevanti, le note di campo, e la codifica delle interviste. Rispetto ai miei casi di studio, ho individuato un processo nato dopo un disastro (le gravi alluvioni che hanno colpito l’Inghilterra nell’estate del 2007) e largamente promosso e stimolato da alcuni comitati di cittadini alluvionati nel sud ovest dell'Inghilterra. L'altro processo è un progetto Europeo LIFE che ha sviluppato un approccio partecipato alla riqualificazione fluviale per la gestione del rischio idraulico nel Nord Italia. Entrambi i processi hanno portato all'implementazione di simili soluzioni “nature-based” per mitigare il rischio riducendo le portate massime, coinvolgendo stakeholder locali e includendo le conoscenze locali nei progetti. Il confronto permette di rafforzare il concetto di governance inclusiva del rischio alluvione, arricchendo al contempo sia il concetto di rischio (integrando e rappresentando le prospettive dei diversi attori) sia la nozione di conoscenza locale. Questa analisi potrebbe inoltre colmare alcuni gap fra le attuali politiche europee sul rischio alluvioni, le conoscenze locali e la stessa ricerca accademica. I principali risultati della mia ricerca mostrano come siano necessarie concettualizzazioni più ampie delle nozioni di conoscenza locale e rischio alluvione per poter includere le prospettive dei diversi attori. Inoltre dovrebbero essere considerate delle forme situate e ibride di conoscenze locali nel coinvolgimento degli attori locali, la cui inclusione dovrebbe essere prevista in un quadro di comanagement adattivo, che potrebbe così rafforzare la governance del rischio alluvione a livello locale

(2018). Slowing down the flood, naturally. The integration of local knowledges into flood risk governance: insights from South West England and North Italy. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).

Slowing down the flood, naturally. The integration of local knowledges into flood risk governance: insights from South West England and North Italy

CARNELLI, FABIO
2018

Abstract

In disaster research literature (an academic field which can include sociology, anthropology and geography) I came across a sort of “knowing more and losing more” paradox: despite an immense growth of risk-related knowledge systems it has been noted that insufficient progress has been made in converting research findings into practical Disaster Risk Management applications. In parallel, both academic literature and International and national policies and reports have pointed out the need to engage with local actors and acknowledge for local knowledges in risk management. Furthermore, some sociologists have also recently developed some theoretical frameworks to account for adaptive and inclusive approaches to risk governance. Local knowledge is sometimes brought into both academic and policy discourse but practical ways to include it into the flood risk governance have not yet been outlined. Flood risk management can work as a paradigmatic topic because flood risk is often deemed by environmental scientist as a “known risk” but paradoxically floods are the most frequently experienced disasters in Europe. Furthermore, the 2007 EU Floods Directive theoretically built a common European scenario for flood risk management, within a flood risk governance perspective. Therefore, my idea was to focus on (and unpack) the concept of local knowledge as a way to tackle flood risk. Indeed, the aim of my work (linked to my research question) is to point out how local knowledges can be integrated into flood risk governance as played out in context of natural flood management. My two case-studies, two natural flood management processes, worked as “best practices” within an integrated EU flood risk governance framework to explore and partially explain how the inclusion of local knowledges can be achieved within a risk governance approach. To collect my data, I’ve undertaken 22 semi-structured interviews or walking interviews for each case study. I’ve used critical discourse analysis and thematic analysis to interpret relevant policies, field notes and the coded interviews. Just a few words about my case studies: one is a community and event-driven natural flood management process (following the 2007 major floods occurred in England) largely promoted by local flood action groups in South West England. The other process is a EU LIFE+ participatory process implementing river restoration solutions in North Italy. Both have resulted in the implementation of similar nature-based solutions to reduce peak flow for flood risk mitigation, engaging with local stakeholder and including local knowledges in the projects. The comparison will provide evidence to enhance an inclusive flood risk governance, and therefore enrich both the concepts of “risk” and “local knowledge”. This might have also the potential to bridge current European flood risk policies, laypeople knowledges and academic research, as played out in opportunity of natural flood management. Key findings show how broader definition of local knowledge and flood risk are needed to account for the diverse actors’ perspectives. A situated hybridised local knowledge should be considered in engaging with local actors, whose inclusion in an adaptive co-management framework should be foreseen to enhance flood risk governance at local level. The implementation of nature-based solutions can result in such inclusive and adaptive local risk governance framework.
MUGNANO, SILVIA
Flood; Risk; Governance; Italy; England
M-DEA/01 - DISCIPLINE DEMOETNOANTROPOLOGICHE
English
22-mar-2018
URBEUR_QUASI, CITTA' E SOCIETA' DELL'INFORMAZIONE - 83R
30
2016/2017
open
(2018). Slowing down the flood, naturally. The integration of local knowledges into flood risk governance: insights from South West England and North Italy. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/199187
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