The aim of this PhD project was the preclinical testing of a new possible therapeutic option for Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I): the transplantation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in neonatal age. MPS-I is a rare lysosomal disease due to mutations in the IDUA gene, which encodes for the lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). The absence of IDUA activity leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in patients’ tissues, which causes a progressive multi-organ dysfunction, with a wide spectrum of skeletal anomalies. The first-choice therapy for MPS-I is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from healthy donor, because it reduces the accumulation of substrates and it solves many clinical symptoms, but this treatment is not very effective on the skeletal defects. The aim of this thesis was to test in the murine model a novel transplantation strategy for MPS-I, combining early (neonatal) intervention and the use of murine UCB as a source. Indeed, we decided to treat our mouse model at early age, in order to prevent the anomalies, and to employ UCB cells (UCBCs) as a source for transplantation, because UCB transplantation (UCBT) has shown advantages over bone marrow transplantation in patients suffering from inherited metabolic disorders. The first result of this work was the characterization of the phenotypical and functional properties of murine hematopoietic UCBCs compared to adult bone marrow cells. Then, adult wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with UCBCs, and they reached good long-term engraftment levels, with the presence of cells of donor origin among all the hematopoietic lineages. Finally, the outcome of UCBT on neonatally-transplanted MPS-I mice was evaluated: an increase of IDUA activity was evident in the peripheral organs of high-engrafted MPS-I mice (engraftment >50%), and, consequently, GAG levels reduced. An extensive characterization of the skeletal phenotype was performed by radiographs, microCT, and histology. Radiographic images showed that MPS-I untreated mice had increased radio-opacity and diameter of the bones at 20 weeks of age, compared to WT, and these parameters were reduced in high-engrafted mice. MicroCT scans and histomorphometry revealed that the cortical region of MPS-I femurs appeared irregular, and returned to normal in treated mice with high-engraftment, confirming the benefit of neonatal UCBT on MPS-I mice. In collaboration with Alessandro Aiuti’s group at Ospedale San Raffaele-Tiget (Telethon Institute for gene therapy), a new project started with the aim of gene-correcting murine UCBCs to obtain a supra-physiological expression of IDUA enzyme. The goal is to transduce MPS-I murine UCBCs with a PGK-IDUA lentiviral vector, and to transplant gene-corrected cells into MPS-I newborns. We will verify if we can obtain in the recipients higher levels of IDUA activity than transplanting WT UCBCs, and if the outcome of gene therapy could be better than the one obtained with normal UCBCs. A method was developed to isolate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from murine UCB and to culture them for lentiviral infection. WT untransduced UCB-HSPCs engrafted WT adult and newborn mice at high levels. We are now in the process of testing the GFP and IDUA vector on MPS-I UCBCs, to set the best conditions for their transplantation in MPS-I neonates. These results will hopefully pave the way for developing a neonatal gene therapy approach with lentivirally-corrected UCB cells in MPS-I babies.
Lo scopo di questo progetto è stato lo sviluppo preclinico di una nuova terapia per la Mucopolisaccaridosi di tipo I (MPS-I): il trapianto di cellule staminali da sangue del cordone ombelicale, eseguito in epoca neonatale. L’MPS-I è una rara malattia lisosomiale dovuta a mutazioni nel gene IDUA, che codifica per l’enzima lisosomiale α-L-iduronidasi (IDUA). L’assenza di attività iduronidasica provoca l’accumulo di glicosaminoglicani nei tessuti, causando una disfunzione multi-organo progressiva e, in particolare, gravi anomalie scheletriche. La terapia d’elezione per la MPS-I è il trapianto di cellule staminali ematopoietiche (HSCT) da donatore sano, che riduce l’accumulo dei substrati e attenua molte manifestazioni cliniche, ma non è del tutto efficace sulle anomalie ossee. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è stato quello di testare nel modello murino di MPS-I l’efficacia di una nuova strategia trapiantologica, che combinava l’intervento precoce (neonatale) e l’uso del sangue del cordone ombelicale come fonte. Infatti, è stato deciso di trattare gli animali nel periodo peri-natale, per prevenirne le manifestazioni fenotipiche, e di impiegare il sangue cordonale come fonte di cellule da trapiantare, perché il trapianto cordonale in clinica dà diversi vantaggi rispetto al trapianto di midollo osseo, in particolare in questi pazienti. Il primo risultato ottenuto in questo lavoro è stata la caratterizzazione delle proprietà fenotipiche e funzionali delle cellule cordonali murine. E’ stato poi eseguito il trapianto di tali cellule in topi adulti wild type (WT) C57BL/6: si è ottenuto un buon attecchimento a lungo termine ed è stata verificata la presenza di cellule di origine del donatore in tutti i lineages ematopoietici. Infine, è stato valutato l’esito del trapianto neonatale di cellule cordonali nei topi MPS-I: si è ottenuto un aumento di attività IDUA negli organi periferici dei topi MPS-I con attecchimento elevato (>50%), e una conseguente riduzione dei livelli di glicosaminoglicani. Il fenotipo scheletrico dei topi a 20 settimane d’età è stato dettagliatamente descritto tramite indagini radiografiche, microCT e istologiche. Le radiografie hanno rivelato che, mentre nei topi MPS-I non trattati si aveva un generale ispessimento osseo rispetto ai WT, nei topi affetti con elevato attecchimento questa anomalia non si riscontrava. Le analisi microCT e istologiche hanno dimostrato che la porzione corticale del femore dei topi MPS-I presentava irregolarità che erano invece ridotte nei topi trattati con alto attecchimento. Questi dati confermano che il trapianto neonatale di cellule del cordone ombelicale risulta una terapia efficace nel modello murino di MPS-I. In collaborazione con il Prof. Aiuti presso l’Ospedale San Raffaele-Tiget, è stato intrapreso un nuovo progetto di ricerca con lo scopo di correggere geneticamente le cellule di cordone ombelicale per ottenere livelli sovra-fisiologici di espressione dell’enzima IDUA. L’obiettivo è quello di trasdurre cellule di cordone murino MPS-I con un vettore lentivirale PGK-IDUA e di trapiantare le cellule così corrette in topi MPS-I neonati. Verificheremo se sarà possibile ottenere nei riceventi livelli di attività enzimatica più alti che nel trapianto di cellule WT, e se l’esito della terapia genica sarà quindi ancora migliore. Finora, abbiamo sviluppato una procedura per isolare dal sangue cordonale murino le cellule ematopoietiche staminali e progenitrici, che sono state in grado di ripopolare topi C57BL/6 adulti e neonati. A questo punto verranno effettuate le prime prove di infezione con vettori lentivirali GFP e IDUA su tali cellule, per trovare le migliori condizioni per il loro trapianto nei neonati MPS-I. Questi risultati potrebbero aprire la strada verso lo sviluppo di un approccio di terapia genica neonatale con cellule di cordone ombelicale geneticamente corrette nei pazienti MPS-I.
(2018). Neonatal transplantation of umbilical cord blood as a new therapeutic option for Mucopolysaccharidosis type I. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).
Neonatal transplantation of umbilical cord blood as a new therapeutic option for Mucopolysaccharidosis type I
AZARIO, ISABELLA MARIA REBECCA
2018
Abstract
The aim of this PhD project was the preclinical testing of a new possible therapeutic option for Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I): the transplantation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in neonatal age. MPS-I is a rare lysosomal disease due to mutations in the IDUA gene, which encodes for the lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). The absence of IDUA activity leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in patients’ tissues, which causes a progressive multi-organ dysfunction, with a wide spectrum of skeletal anomalies. The first-choice therapy for MPS-I is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from healthy donor, because it reduces the accumulation of substrates and it solves many clinical symptoms, but this treatment is not very effective on the skeletal defects. The aim of this thesis was to test in the murine model a novel transplantation strategy for MPS-I, combining early (neonatal) intervention and the use of murine UCB as a source. Indeed, we decided to treat our mouse model at early age, in order to prevent the anomalies, and to employ UCB cells (UCBCs) as a source for transplantation, because UCB transplantation (UCBT) has shown advantages over bone marrow transplantation in patients suffering from inherited metabolic disorders. The first result of this work was the characterization of the phenotypical and functional properties of murine hematopoietic UCBCs compared to adult bone marrow cells. Then, adult wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with UCBCs, and they reached good long-term engraftment levels, with the presence of cells of donor origin among all the hematopoietic lineages. Finally, the outcome of UCBT on neonatally-transplanted MPS-I mice was evaluated: an increase of IDUA activity was evident in the peripheral organs of high-engrafted MPS-I mice (engraftment >50%), and, consequently, GAG levels reduced. An extensive characterization of the skeletal phenotype was performed by radiographs, microCT, and histology. Radiographic images showed that MPS-I untreated mice had increased radio-opacity and diameter of the bones at 20 weeks of age, compared to WT, and these parameters were reduced in high-engrafted mice. MicroCT scans and histomorphometry revealed that the cortical region of MPS-I femurs appeared irregular, and returned to normal in treated mice with high-engraftment, confirming the benefit of neonatal UCBT on MPS-I mice. In collaboration with Alessandro Aiuti’s group at Ospedale San Raffaele-Tiget (Telethon Institute for gene therapy), a new project started with the aim of gene-correcting murine UCBCs to obtain a supra-physiological expression of IDUA enzyme. The goal is to transduce MPS-I murine UCBCs with a PGK-IDUA lentiviral vector, and to transplant gene-corrected cells into MPS-I newborns. We will verify if we can obtain in the recipients higher levels of IDUA activity than transplanting WT UCBCs, and if the outcome of gene therapy could be better than the one obtained with normal UCBCs. A method was developed to isolate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from murine UCB and to culture them for lentiviral infection. WT untransduced UCB-HSPCs engrafted WT adult and newborn mice at high levels. We are now in the process of testing the GFP and IDUA vector on MPS-I UCBCs, to set the best conditions for their transplantation in MPS-I neonates. These results will hopefully pave the way for developing a neonatal gene therapy approach with lentivirally-corrected UCB cells in MPS-I babies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: tesi di dottorato
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