This PhD thesis aims to anthropologically explore the concept of “second generations” within a mobility perspective. Drawing on a multi-sited ethnography between Milano, Addis Ababa, Mekele and London, I focused on the entanglement between the residing context and the processes reproducing ancestral identification in the experience of the Italians of Ethiopian and Eritrean origins born and raised in Milano. Specifically, I focused on the ways they make sense of the term Habesha, an ethnonym of the Ethiopian and Eritrean social space, and the conjugation of the term compared to the practices and the representations reproducing their Italianness. The ethnographic path I carried on, in fact, shed light on the close interdependence between ancestral identification and the processes by which children of immigrants incorporate the national paradigm. I explored the positional value of a Habesha ancestral identification according to the different research contexts and the social value of their Italianness (in legal, social, and symbolic terms) in the production of their mobility paths. The ethnographic analysis underlined the necessity of a deep reconsideration of the relationship between identification and difference in the analytical approach to second generations’ studies. The new perspective led me to ethnographically consider the structural processes reproducing the concept of Italianness itself as a difference-based hegemonic construction in the children of immigrants’ experience. This perspective allowed me to frame a Habesha identification between Italians of Ethiopian and Eritrean origins, as well as the structural processes involved in its reproduction (above all their common identification with the Ethiopian and Eritrean asylum seekers transiting on the Mediterranean route) as an integral part of the Italian national paradigm. The concept “second generation” itself, therefore, turned out to be the analytical referent of a social condition aimed at reproducing a socially and racially connoted Italianness. The second-generation condition may represent a useful analytical perspective to investigate the relation between mobility and immobility as a constitutive phenomenon of the children of immigrants’ experience in the present global landscape.
Il lavoro di ricerca propone un’esplorazione antropologica del concetto di “seconde generazioni” all’interno di una prospettiva della mobilità. Basando l’analisi su un’etnografia multi situata tra Milano, Addis Abeba, Mekele e Londra, ho approfondito le dinamiche che legano il contesto di residenza ai processi di riproduzione dell’appartenenza ancestrale tra gli italiani di origine etiope ed eritrea nati e cresciuti a Milano. In particolare mi sono focalizzato su una loro comune identificazione nel termine Habesha, un costrutto etnico afferente allo spazio sociale etiope ed eritreo, e sulla declinazione del termine rispetto alle pratiche e le rappresentazioni della loro Italianità. Il percorso etnografico ha messo in luce una stretta interdipendenza tra identificazione ancestrale e incorporazione del paradigma nazionale. Ho esplorato da un lato il carattere posizionale dell’appartenenza sociale Habesha in base ai vari contesti di riferimento, e dall’altro il valore del loro essere Italiani (in termini legali, sociali e simbolici) nella costruzione dei loro percorsi di mobilità. Da ciò è emersa la necessità di una riconsiderazione del rapporto tra identificazione e differenza negli studi sulle seconde generazioni. La prospettiva di indagine ha permesso un’analisi etnografica dei processi attraverso cui il concetto stesso di Italianità si configura come un costrutto egemonico a carattere differenziale. È stato così possibile inquadrare l’identificazione degli Italiani di origine etiope ed eritrea e gli stessi processi strutturali attraverso cui si riproduce (in primis la loro comune identificazione con i rifugiati etiopi ed eritrei in transito sulla rotta Mediterranea), come un costrutto della differenza interno al paradigma nazionale. Il concetto di “seconde generazioni”, lungi dal costituire un descrittore volto ad inquadrare determinati gruppi sociali, è stato così indagato come una condizione sociale volta riprodurre un’Italianità socialmente e razzialmente connotata. La condizione di seconda-generazione può rappresentare una prospettiva analitica attraverso cui indagare la relazione tra mobilità e immobilità in quanto fatto costituivo dell’esperienza dei figli dei migranti nel panorama sociale contemporaneo.
(2018). In search of Italianness: an ethnography of the second-generation condition in a mobility perspective. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).
In search of Italianness: an ethnography of the second-generation condition in a mobility perspective
GRIMALDI, GIUSEPPE
2018
Abstract
This PhD thesis aims to anthropologically explore the concept of “second generations” within a mobility perspective. Drawing on a multi-sited ethnography between Milano, Addis Ababa, Mekele and London, I focused on the entanglement between the residing context and the processes reproducing ancestral identification in the experience of the Italians of Ethiopian and Eritrean origins born and raised in Milano. Specifically, I focused on the ways they make sense of the term Habesha, an ethnonym of the Ethiopian and Eritrean social space, and the conjugation of the term compared to the practices and the representations reproducing their Italianness. The ethnographic path I carried on, in fact, shed light on the close interdependence between ancestral identification and the processes by which children of immigrants incorporate the national paradigm. I explored the positional value of a Habesha ancestral identification according to the different research contexts and the social value of their Italianness (in legal, social, and symbolic terms) in the production of their mobility paths. The ethnographic analysis underlined the necessity of a deep reconsideration of the relationship between identification and difference in the analytical approach to second generations’ studies. The new perspective led me to ethnographically consider the structural processes reproducing the concept of Italianness itself as a difference-based hegemonic construction in the children of immigrants’ experience. This perspective allowed me to frame a Habesha identification between Italians of Ethiopian and Eritrean origins, as well as the structural processes involved in its reproduction (above all their common identification with the Ethiopian and Eritrean asylum seekers transiting on the Mediterranean route) as an integral part of the Italian national paradigm. The concept “second generation” itself, therefore, turned out to be the analytical referent of a social condition aimed at reproducing a socially and racially connoted Italianness. The second-generation condition may represent a useful analytical perspective to investigate the relation between mobility and immobility as a constitutive phenomenon of the children of immigrants’ experience in the present global landscape.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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