Correlazioni esistenti tra parodontologia e medicina orale. Lesioni delle mucose orali versus malattia parodontale. Aspetti diagnostici e terapeutici

Our study describes the relationship between periodontal disease and oral mucosal lesions. At first we analysed classification criteria of oral lesions in order to provide a point of reference for an adequate description. In a second time we started to describe periodontal disease, that is a common pathology all over the world with high costs for therapy and rehabilitations. Also classification of periodontal disease is important, because there are different types of disease, with various clinical aspects. We used the AAP (American Academy of Periodontology) classification of 1999, that reports: gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, periodontitis related to systemic diseases, necrotizing periodontitis, periodontal abscess, periodontitis associated to endodontic lesions, acquired and developed deformities and conditions. In the second part we described oral mucosal lesions, starting with infective diseases on the basis of etiologic agents: bacterial, viral (with viral neoplasms), fungal, parasitic and syphilitic lesions. In the third part we described autoimmune lesions, in particular the erythema multiform. In the fourth part we analysed the neoplastic and pre-neoplastic diseases, in particular squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia. Fifth section is dedicated to “border lesions”, because they are studied both in periodontology and oral medicine. These diseases are the desquamative gingivitis, lichen planus, pemphigoid, pemphigus, linear IgA disease, chronic ulcerative stomatitis and epulid.