The paper analyzes the rebirth or recovery of the Socratic method that took place during the affirmation of Nazism in Germany in the first decades of the twentieth century, by Leonard Nelson, by Minna Specht and their collaborators, in a perspective explicitly opposed to the political regime that was going consolidating. The essay focuses in particular on the analysis of the experience of the School of Walkemühle at Melsungen in Essen, whose direction was entrusted to the pedagogist Minna Spech since 1924, an analysis conducted starting from the writings of Minna Specht. The contribution highlights the originality of this experience, which consisted in the fact that the Socratic dialogue was adapted and used with young people and not with adults, thus dealing with the needs and peculiarities of developing subjects involved in a curriculum scholastic. The School of Walkemühle, moreover, was an experience that faced the unexpected, planning continuously starting from the emergence of the encounter with situations and events: in this sense, it constituted a reference to teaching as a relationship that is built around the unexpected, as Socrates in his preaching had repeatedly stressed and put into practice. The contribution then focuses on analyzing the inspiring principles of this experience (sobriety, simplicity of places, independence towards tradition, life in common, self-confidence) and on how much they can provide interesting indications for current educational contexts.
Il contributo analizza la rinascita o ripresa del metodo socratico avvenuta durante l’affermazione del nazismo in Germania nei primi decenni del Novecento, ad opera di Leonard Nelson, di Minna Specht e dei loro collaboratori, in una prospettiva esplicitamente contrapposta al regime politico che si andava consolidando. Il saggio si sofferma in particolare sull’analisi dell’esperienza della scuola di Walkemühle presso Melsungen in Essen, la cui direzione fu affidata a partire dal 1924 alla pedagogista Minna Spech, analisi condotta a partire dagli scritti della Specht stessa. L’autrice del contributo rileva come la scuola riprendeva palesemente i fondamenti della pratica socratica, ovvero la necessità di creare consapevolezza critica, l’importanza della comprensione reciproca come condizione ineludibile per un cammino di ricerca, il rifiuto del principio di autorità. Il contributo mette in luce l’originalità di questa esperienza, che consisteva nel fatto che il dialogo socratico fu adattato e utilizzato con ragazzi e non con adulti, confrontandosi così con le esigenze e le peculiarità di soggetti in via di sviluppo, coinvolti in un curriculum scolastico che doveva comunque fornire loro i fondamenti delle principali discipline scolastiche. La scuola di Walkemühle, inoltre, si poneva come un’esperienza che doveva affrontare l’imprevisto, progettare continuamente a partire dall’emergere dell’incontro con situazioni e accadimenti: in questo senso, costituiva un richiamo all’insegnamento come relazione che si costruisce attorno all’inatteso, come Socrate nella sua predicazione aveva più volte sottolineato e messo in pratica. Il contributo si sofferma poi ad analizzare i principi ispiratori di questa esperienza (sobrietà, semplicità dei luoghi; Indipendenza nei confronti della tradizione; vita in comune; fiducia in se stessi) e su quanto essi possano fornire indicazioni interessanti anche per i contesti educativi attuali.
Seveso, G. (2017). Il metodo socratico come pratica di libertà nell'esperienza di Minna Specht. PAIDEUTIKA, 26, anno XIII, 83-96.
Il metodo socratico come pratica di libertà nell'esperienza di Minna Specht
Seveso, G
2017
Abstract
The paper analyzes the rebirth or recovery of the Socratic method that took place during the affirmation of Nazism in Germany in the first decades of the twentieth century, by Leonard Nelson, by Minna Specht and their collaborators, in a perspective explicitly opposed to the political regime that was going consolidating. The essay focuses in particular on the analysis of the experience of the School of Walkemühle at Melsungen in Essen, whose direction was entrusted to the pedagogist Minna Spech since 1924, an analysis conducted starting from the writings of Minna Specht. The contribution highlights the originality of this experience, which consisted in the fact that the Socratic dialogue was adapted and used with young people and not with adults, thus dealing with the needs and peculiarities of developing subjects involved in a curriculum scholastic. The School of Walkemühle, moreover, was an experience that faced the unexpected, planning continuously starting from the emergence of the encounter with situations and events: in this sense, it constituted a reference to teaching as a relationship that is built around the unexpected, as Socrates in his preaching had repeatedly stressed and put into practice. The contribution then focuses on analyzing the inspiring principles of this experience (sobriety, simplicity of places, independence towards tradition, life in common, self-confidence) and on how much they can provide interesting indications for current educational contexts.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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