In the last two decades, strategic alliances became important sources of growth and competitive advantage thanks to several benefits that they provide such as accessing new and critical resources and capabilities, improving competitive position, effective and rapid entering in new the markets. Strategic alliance has been seen as a response to market globalization and increasing uncertainty and complexity of the economic environment. Globalization has deeply changes the role of strategic alliances; it has led collaborative network logic between global firms. No firms can compete in the marketplace, as in the past, only with own its resources, knowledge and skills; global economy requires structured, widespread and highly interconnected organizations called network. Indeed, in situations of highly-intensive competition, the setting up of lines of cooperation represents typical strategic behavior by firms with a long-term view and global market vision. In the first chapter of my research, I highlight the main purpose of strategic alliances that is to combine the strengths of two or more firms for achieving mutual goals. Only few firms have all the resources need to compete effectively in the current complex economic environment, so they seek to fill this gap through strategic alliances formation. Then, in this chapter I also highlight the “alliances’ paradox nature” represented by the fact that despite their strategic importance they still present a very low success rate .Although the growth rate has increased at 25% globally, in the recent years, strategic alliances tend to exhibit a high failure rates. Therefore, although in global markets, the number of strategic alliances continues to grow, they still have a very low success rate. This represents a paradox for firms; the main purpose of my research is identifying the way through which firms can address this paradox, investigating the main factors that lead strategic alliances toward success. In second chapter, in order to show alliances’ benefits and potential causes of failure, I provide three examples of global alliances. The first example, useful to explain the concept of alliance success and to show potential alliances’ benefits, is represented by the alliance between “Toyota and PSA”; the others two, represented by the alliances between “Renault and Volvo” and “Daimler Benz and Chrysler”, are useful to identify potential causes of alliance failure In the third chapter, in order to identify the key factors that influence formation and success of a strategic alliance, I choose the essential arguments of -Transaction cost theory – Knowledge based view- Social exchange theory - Resource based view- Dynamic capability view and Alliance management capabilities. I also provide an example of successful strategic alliance, the agreement between “Ford and Mazda” that is considered a case of historic successful cross-culturally alliance. In the fifth chapter, I highlight the question concerning the heterogeneous alliance performance between global firms; some firms obtain success from their partnerships and others fail. Previous studies found that firms with greater alliance performances, are those firms with superior capabilities termed in literature as “alliance management capabilities”.
Negli ultimi due decenni, le alleanze strategiche sono diventate per le imprese un’importante fonte di crescita e vantaggio competitivo, grazie ai numerosi benefici che esse forniscono quali accesso a nuove risorse e capacità critiche, miglioramento della posizione competitiva e accesso efficace e rapido a nuovi mercati. Le alleanze strategiche rappresentano un responso alla globalizzazione dei mercati e alla crescente incertezza e complessità dell’ambiente competitivo. La globalizzazione ha profondamente modificato il ruolo delle alleanze strategiche, diffondendo tra le imprese globali una logica di network collaborativo. Nessuna imprese può competere, come in passato, solo con la propria dotazione di risorse, conoscenze e competenze; l’economia globale richiede la creazione di organizzazioni strutturate, diffuse e altamente interconnesse chiamate network. Per cui, in situazioni di intesa competizione, la creazione di legami di collaborazione rappresenta il tipo comportamento strategico adottato da quelle imprese con una visione globale di lungo termine improntata al mercato. Nel primo capitolo, ho messo in luce il fine principale per cui le alleanze strategiche vengono formate, ovvero la combinazione della forza di due o più imprese per realizzare un obiettivo comune. Solo poche imprese posseggono tutte le risorse necessarie per competere efficacemente nel complesso ambiente economico, per cui esse cercano di colmare questo gap attraverso la formazione di alleanze strategiche. Inoltre, ho messo in luce la natura di “paradosso” delle alleanze strategiche, rappresentata dal fatto che nonostante la loro importanza strategica, presentino un tasso di successo ancora molto basso. Nonostante il loro tasso di crescita sia aumentato del 25% a livello globale, negli ultimi decenni, le alleanze strategiche esibiscono ancora un tasso di fallimento molto alto; ciò rappresenta un paradosso per le imprese. Il mio principale obiettivo è individuare il modo attraverso il quale le imprese possono affrontare il paradosso, indagando su quali siano i fattori chiave che conducono un’alleanza verso il successo. Nel secondo capitolo, con l’obiettivo di mostrare i benefici e le potenziali cause di insuccesso, ho fornito tre esempi di alleanze strategiche globali. Il primo esempio, utile a chiarire quando un’alleanza possa essere considerata di successo, è rappresentato dall’alleanza tra “Toyota e PSA”; gli altri due invece, rappresentati dalle alleanze tra “Renault e Volvo” e “Daimler Benz e Chrysler”, sono utili a mettere in luce le potenziali cause di fallimento di un’alleanza strategica. Nel terzo capitolo, al fine di individuare i fattori chiave che influenzano formazione e successo di un’alleanza strategica, ho deciso di utilizzare note prospettive teoriche come: -Transaction cost theory – Knowledge based view- Social exchange theory - Resource based view- Dynamic capability view and Alliance management capabilities. Nel quarto capitolo ho mostrato l’importanza ricoperta dai fattori di successo, individuati nel capitolo precedente, in ciascuna fase del ciclo di vita delle alleanze strategiche. Inoltre ho fornito l’esempio dell’alleanza tra “Ford e Mazda” al fine di mostrare come le imprese debbano gestire un’alleanza cross-culturally per condurla al successo. Nel quinto ed ultimo capitolo, ho messo in luce la questione riguardante l’eterogeneo tasso di alliance performance tra le imprese nei mercati globali; infatti alcune imprese ottengono successo dalle proprie alleanze e altre falliscono. Ricerche precedenti hanno dedotto che le imprese con un elevata alliance performance, sono quelle dotate di un ordine di capacità gestionali superiori definite “alliance management capabilities.
(2017). Strategic Alliances in Global Markets. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017).
Strategic Alliances in Global Markets
RUSSO, MARGHERITA
2017
Abstract
In the last two decades, strategic alliances became important sources of growth and competitive advantage thanks to several benefits that they provide such as accessing new and critical resources and capabilities, improving competitive position, effective and rapid entering in new the markets. Strategic alliance has been seen as a response to market globalization and increasing uncertainty and complexity of the economic environment. Globalization has deeply changes the role of strategic alliances; it has led collaborative network logic between global firms. No firms can compete in the marketplace, as in the past, only with own its resources, knowledge and skills; global economy requires structured, widespread and highly interconnected organizations called network. Indeed, in situations of highly-intensive competition, the setting up of lines of cooperation represents typical strategic behavior by firms with a long-term view and global market vision. In the first chapter of my research, I highlight the main purpose of strategic alliances that is to combine the strengths of two or more firms for achieving mutual goals. Only few firms have all the resources need to compete effectively in the current complex economic environment, so they seek to fill this gap through strategic alliances formation. Then, in this chapter I also highlight the “alliances’ paradox nature” represented by the fact that despite their strategic importance they still present a very low success rate .Although the growth rate has increased at 25% globally, in the recent years, strategic alliances tend to exhibit a high failure rates. Therefore, although in global markets, the number of strategic alliances continues to grow, they still have a very low success rate. This represents a paradox for firms; the main purpose of my research is identifying the way through which firms can address this paradox, investigating the main factors that lead strategic alliances toward success. In second chapter, in order to show alliances’ benefits and potential causes of failure, I provide three examples of global alliances. The first example, useful to explain the concept of alliance success and to show potential alliances’ benefits, is represented by the alliance between “Toyota and PSA”; the others two, represented by the alliances between “Renault and Volvo” and “Daimler Benz and Chrysler”, are useful to identify potential causes of alliance failure In the third chapter, in order to identify the key factors that influence formation and success of a strategic alliance, I choose the essential arguments of -Transaction cost theory – Knowledge based view- Social exchange theory - Resource based view- Dynamic capability view and Alliance management capabilities. I also provide an example of successful strategic alliance, the agreement between “Ford and Mazda” that is considered a case of historic successful cross-culturally alliance. In the fifth chapter, I highlight the question concerning the heterogeneous alliance performance between global firms; some firms obtain success from their partnerships and others fail. Previous studies found that firms with greater alliance performances, are those firms with superior capabilities termed in literature as “alliance management capabilities”.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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